Radiation-induced swelling and hardening of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selected laser melting

Lin, Jiwei; Chen, Feida; Tang, Xiaobin; Liu, Jian; Shen, Shangkun; Ge, Guojia

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109183

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It should be noted that in[13], no ion irradiation induced phase transformation was observed in austenitic AISI 321 steel, whereas duplex austenitic-ferritic AISI 318 steel shows the γ → α transformation at the same irradiation condition. As it was reported in[42], ion irradiation of AISI 316L single-phase austenitic stainless steel obtained by selective laser melting results in the formation of no new phases, whereas the intensive γ → α transformation at ion irradiation was observed for the same steel after cold rolling. Therefore, we can propose that the presence of α phase in the initial structure can promote the intensive γ → α transformation at ion irradiation.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Bykov

Bayankin

Tcherdyntsev

et al. 2021

Metals

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Commercial rolled AISI 321 stainless steel samples were irradiated with Al+ ions with an energy of 80 keV and fluence of 1017 ion/cm2. The effect of Al implantation on the chemical and phase composition of the steel surface layer was studied by X-ray electron spectroscopy and grazing beam mode of X-ray diffraction analysis. A thin surface layer down to a depth of 30 nm after Al+ ions implantation consists mainly of metal oxides. In the near-surface layers of 5 nm in depth, a noticeable depletion in chromium and nickel was observed. A surface layer (up to 0.5 µm) of non-irradiated steel, in addition to the f.c.c. austenite γ-phase, consists of up to 20 vol% of the b.c.c. α′-phase, which formed at rolling as a result of mechanical deformation. Al implantation results in the significant increase in the α′-phase amount in the surface layer at a depth up to 2 µm. It is indicated that the observed γ → α′ transformation at ion irradiation proceeds predominantly as a result of the effect of post-cascade shock waves, but not as a result of the surface layer chemical composition changes.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Bykov

Bayankin

Tcherdyntsev

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…Neutron or ion irradiation could also significantly affect the behaviors (i.e., shortened creep life and reduced fracture toughness) observed in AM alloys [11,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Before and After Neutron Irradiation (FY21)

Collins¹,

Coq²,

Linton³

et al. 2021

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This report presents the materials property data of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel (SS) accumulated for the assessment of core materials in the Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) program. The TCR manufacturing approach includes using the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method for metallic (316L and Inconel 718) components. To assess the mechanical performance of printed components in reactor-relevant conditions and build a property database for the AM materials, mechanical tests and evaluations were performed before and after neutron irradiation. Miniature tensile specimens were irradiated in the High Flux Isotope Reactor to 0.2, 2, 8, and 10 dpa at target temperatures of 300 and 600°C. Postirradiation evaluation for the 0.2 and 2 dpa specimens was performed during FY20 and FY21, and the results are presented and discussed in this document.To obtain the baseline mechanical property data, uniaxial tension testing over a wide temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 600°C was performed for the same materials that were irradiated, including AM 316L SS in the as-built, stress-relieved, and solution-annealed conditions, as well as reference wrought (WT) 316L SS. Regardless of the postbuild heat treatment, the AM 316L SS showed higher strength than the WT 316L SS, but they had similar ductility. A statistical treatment of RT tensile data indicated that variations in the strength and ductility datasets of AM 316L steels were smaller than or similar to those of WT 316L SS. Additionally, 2D mapping of tensile properties for the stress-relieved AM plates also showed clear location dependence of the properties but with limited magnitudes.Postirradiation tensile testing was conducted at RT, 300, 500, and 600°C for selected irradiation conditions. Additional tests were performed near the measured irradiation temperatures of 260 and 390°C for checking the impact of the difference between the targeted and actual irradiation temperatures. Neutron irradiation induced significant changes in the mechanical behavior of the AM SSs, including hardening and softening. Although the as-built 316L SS tested at 300°C after irradiation to 2 dpa at 390°C showed unstable plastic deformation (i.e., necking) immediately after yielding, the overall property changes of the as-printed alloy became much less significant after higher temperature (610 and 690°C) irradiations or when tested at different temperatures. Irradiation-induced ductilization was also observed in the higher strength materials (i.e., in as-built and stress-relieved conditions) after higher temperature (>600°C) irradiations. The strength change after irradiation was generally smaller in the relatively stronger materials (i.e., the as-built and stress-relieved AM SSs) than in the solution-annealed AM and WT SSs. Overall, these relatively lower strength 316L SSs retained higher ductility in the irradiation conditions tested, but the stronger 316L SSs demonstrated a similar level of ductility after higher temperature irradiations. For the AM 316L mate...

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“…Because the Mn and Si elements have a strong affinity with the O element, it is easy to spontaneously form oxide impurities, thus affecting the forming quality. [37] Avoiding oxidation during the laser-forming process, the whole process was executed under a vacuum condition of 0.1 Pa and then protected by high-purity argon gas. The adoptive parameters of SLM were fixed: a laser power of 190 W, a scan speed of 1000 mm s À1 , and powder layer thickness of 0.03 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of MnSi₂‐Induced Solid Solution Strengthening on Mechanical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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As an emerging additive manufacturing technology, selective laser melting (SLM) can manufacture metal matrix composites with high performance. Herein, a MnSi 2 compound is innovatively utilized to improve the mechanical properties of the 316L substrate. The results indicate that an appropriate mass fraction of the MnSi 2 compound can promote the solid solution, leading to an increment in the surface quality, microhardness, and tensile strength of the 316L substrate. When the addition of MnSi 2 is 6.0 wt%, the sample exhibits the highest microhardness and tensile strength with the value of 426 HV 0.2 and 860 MPa, respectively. However, microcracks are observed and the ultimate tensile displacement is decreased synchronously; meanwhile, its fracture behavior exhibits mixed-mode ductile fracture and brittle fracture. Overall, this study explains a novel hypothetical mechanism of solid solution reinforcement by adding a MnSi 2 compound into 316L.

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Radiation-induced swelling and hardening of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selected laser melting

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Before and After Neutron Irradiation (FY21)

Effect of MnSi₂‐Induced Solid Solution Strengthening on Mechanical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

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Radiation-induced swelling and hardening of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selected laser melting

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Effect of Aluminum Ion Irradiation on Chemical and Phase Composition of Surface Layers of Rolled AISI 321 Stainless Steel

Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Before and After Neutron Irradiation (FY21)

Effect of MnSi2‐Induced Solid Solution Strengthening on Mechanical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

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Effect of MnSi₂‐Induced Solid Solution Strengthening on Mechanical Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting