Radiation Injury

Vuilleumier, H. A.; Reis, Ernane D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10169-8_43

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The term radiation injury refers to the morphological and functional changes that occur in non cancerous tissue as a direct result of ionising radiation (1). Tissue damage can lead to dermatitis and eventually skin necrosis and ulceration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound healing in radiated skin: pathophysiology and treatment options

Olascoaga

Vilar‐Compte

Poitevin-Chacón

et al. 2008

International Wound Journal

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Ulcers in radiated skin continue to be a challenge for health care practitioners. Healing impairment in the setting of radiation-damaged tissue will most of the time lead to chronic wounds that reduce the patient's quality of life. In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiology of tissue damage caused by radiation that leads to chronic ulceration. We also explore the evidence available on the different prevention and treatment modalities that have been reported in the literature. The evidence for most preventive measures is inconclusive; however, sucralfate and amifostine seem to be the adequate recommendations for prophylaxis. As for treatment of ulcerated patients, the strongest level of evidence found was for the use of pentoxifylline, but proper trials are still scarce to be considered standard adjuvant therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen, cytokines and other growth factors and surgical interventions have shown some benefit in case reports and case series only. Other therapies show promise based on their mechanism of action but need to be tested in human studies and clinical trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wound healing in radiated skin: pathophysiology and treatment options

Olascoaga

Vilar‐Compte

Poitevin-Chacón

et al. 2008

International Wound Journal

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“…However, results of manometry studies remain inconclusive. Whereas one study did not note significant changes in patients who received 45 Gy to the anus and rectum [8], in another study—exclusively of patients with anal carcinoma—manometry showed severe impairment of resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure, but not of rectal compliance [69]. These findings support the concept that direct damage to the sphincter may contribute more to sphincter dysfunction than proctitis.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Radiation Damagementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Surgery should be reserved for patients who do not respond to optimal medical management and those with disabling or life‐threatening complications. The usual indications are grade‐4 complications of the late effects on normal tissue (LENT) classification [8,29]. Before any intervention, a careful assessment of the extent of radiation damage and exclusion of cancer recurrence are mandatory.…”

Section: Surgical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such complications usually require surgical intervention, ranging from outpatient dilatation for anorectal strictures to extensive reconstructive procedures that require prolonged hospital stay and participation of multiple specialists. Recognition and treatment of associated lesions, including cancer recurrence, are crucial for obtaining satisfactory results [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation damage to the rectum and anus: pathophysiology, clinical features and surgical implications

2002

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Radiation kills cancer cells by inducing various degrees of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation and disruption of intracellular membranes that lead to either immediate or delayed cell death. Although radiation can be effective in destroying cancer, its usefulness is limited by damage to normal tissues that surround the target tumour or those in the path of the radiation beam. The rectum and anus are damaged frequently during radiotherapy for abdominopelvic malignancy, including preresection therapy for rectal cancer. Such damage is often associated with lesions in the perineal skin, genitourinary tract, colon, and small intestine. Surgical intervention often is required for the most severe forms of these complications.

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Radiation Injury

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Wound healing in radiated skin: pathophysiology and treatment options

Wound healing in radiated skin: pathophysiology and treatment options

Radiation damage to the rectum and anus: pathophysiology, clinical features and surgical implications

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