Radiation nephropathy in young and adult rats

Jongejan, H. T. M.; Kögel, Andreas; Provoost, Abraham P.; Molenaar, Jan C.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(87)90131-3

Cited by 35 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The RT + placebo and RT + CoQ10 groups received a single 10 Gy of whole abdominal irradiation using a 6-MV photon beam. The dose of 10 Gy was given based on the previous report that the significant renal function decline occurred 6 months after irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy and higher in rats (12). Six rats at a time were restrained by the tail in a prone position on a 1 cm-thick acrylic plate and covered by another plate with the same thickness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats

Kim

et al. 2017

J Korean Med Sci

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The kidney is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the abdominal cavity and is the dose-limiting structure in cancer patients receiving abdominal or total body irradiation. In the present study, the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on radiation nephropathy was evaluated in rats. A total of 72 rats were equally randomized into 4 groups: Control, CoQ10, irradiation with 10 Gy (RT) + placebo, or RT + CoQ10. The 2 RT groups received single 10 Gy of abdominal irradiation. The 2 CoQ10 groups were supplemented daily with 1 mL of soybean oil containing 10 mg/kg of CoQ10. The RT + placebo and control groups received same dose of soybean oil. After 24 weeks, laboratory and histopathologic findings were compared. The 2 RT groups showed significant increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels and significant pathologic changes such as glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. CoQ10 supplementation resulted in significant reductions of BUN and creatinine levels compared with the RT + placebo group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.038, respectively). CoQ10 treatment significantly attenuated glomerular and tubular changes of irradiated kidney in semiquantitative analysis (P < 0.001 for both). Administration of CoQ10 can alleviate the radiation-induced nephropathy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats

Kim

et al. 2017

J Korean Med Sci

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“…It is reported in many animal studies that the radiation nephropathy occurs earlier and in more severe form with higher radiotherapy doses (1). The higher nephropathy risk is reported in rats younger than 12 months old since they have higher proliferative activity (2). Both chemical and biological radioprotective agents are used to minimize the nephropathic effects of the radiotherapy (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Role of Mesna in Renal Toxicity Associated with Radiotherapy in Rats

Küçüktülü¹,

Yürekli²,

Topbaş³

et al. 2019

Akd Med J

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Objective: Sodium 2-mercaptoethanosulphinate (mesna) is a synthetic thiol known to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity induced by alkylating anti-neoplastic drugs such as cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide. We proposed that mesna might be effective on protection of radiation induced renal injuries because of its low molecular weight, its ability to concentrate in the kidneys, its conversion to active -SH compounds in the tubular epithelium and its antioxidant potential. Results:There was no statistical difference between the radiotherapy and radiotherapy+mesna groups in terms of creatinine clearance (p>0.05). However; there was statistically significant difference between the control group and radiotherapy/mesna+radiotherapy in terms of blood BUN levels (p<0.05). Inability of mesna to prevent radiotherapy injuries was also confirmed by light microscopy and electron microscopy (p>0.05). Conclusion:Our study may pioneer studies searching for other agents instead of mesna for preventing hemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide because it showed that mesna cannot protect kidneys from radiation nephrotoxicity on histopathologic evaluation. This is also the first study demonstrating ineffectiveness of mesna as a radioprotectant.

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“…This injury is an example of normal tissue radiation injury, which is a dose‐limiting problem for all therapeutic irradiation. The threshold x‐ray dose and fractionation have been amply described, with radiation nephropathy occurring reliably after single doses of 10 Gray (Gy) or more to the kidneys (1, 2). Radiation nephropathy has been well characterized by light and electron microscopy, which show the features of endothelial injury, mesangiolysis, and glomerular basement membrane expansion (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Mechanisms of Radiation Nephropathy

Cohen

Bonsib

Whitehouse

et al. 2000

Proc Soc Exp Biol Med

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Abstract. Normal tissue radiation injury occurs after sufficient irradiation, thus limiting the curative potential of x‐ray therapy. In the kidney, radiation injury results in fibrosis and, ultimately, renal failure. The mediators of fibrosis in radiation nephropathy have received scant attention. Therefore, we evaluated the sequential presence of alpha smooth muscle actin (αsma), fibrin, collagen, and TGFβ1 in a porcine model of radiation nephropathy using 9.8 Gy single‐dose local kidney irradiation. During the 24‐week study, there was progressive and significant collagen accumulation in glomeruli and in interstitium. In glomeruli, this was associated with significant mesangial αsma expression by 2 weeks after irradiation, a further rise at 4 weeks, and then a gradual fall to baseline. Glomerular fibrin deposition was significant by 4 weeks after irradiation, and remained elevated thereafter. There was little or no glomerular TGFβ1 expression at any time point. Tubular fibrin deposition was significant at 4 weeks after irradiation but declined thereafter. There was little or no tubulo‐interstitial αsma expression at any time after irradiation. At 6 weeks after irradiation, there was a significant peak of tubular epithelial TGFβ1 expression that declined thereafter. The early glomerular injury is evident as mesangial αsma expression but is not proceeded by TGFβ1 expression. There is sustained glomerular fibrin deposition with deposition of fibrin in tubular lumens, suggesting that tubular fibrin derives and flows out from injured glomerular tufts. We conclude that i) αsma expression is an early marker of glomerular radiation injury, presaging scarring; ii) fibrin deposition is involved in glomerular and tubular radiation injury; and iii) TGFβ1 is not an early event in radiation nephropathy, and not apparent in glomeruli in this model, but may correlate with later tubulo‐interstitial fibrosis. Thus, the mediators of scarring in this model differ according to time after injury and also according to the affected tissue compartment.

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Radiation nephropathy in young and adult rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Radiation Nephropathy in Rats

The Protective Role of Mesna in Renal Toxicity Associated with Radiotherapy in Rats

Mediators and Mechanisms of Radiation Nephropathy

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