Radiation osteoporosis ? an assessment using single energy quantitative computed tomography

Nishiyama, Kinji; Inaba, Fumie; Higashihara, Tokurou; Kitatani, Kouji; Kozuka, T

doi:10.1007/bf00175435

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is concidered that missing of bone mass occur because of the bone osteoblastic formation and bone vasculature damages (14)(15)(16). Ionizing radiation inhibits osteoblast proliferation, increases sensitivity to agents that induce apoptosis, and reduces collagen production (17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

Kunt

Dayıoğlu

2011

ELECTRON J GEN MED

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

Kunt

Dayıoğlu

2011

ELECTRON J GEN MED

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“…Radiotherapy using fractionated doses can result in reduced bone density and increased incidence of fractures in adult humans (8). A decline (32%) in pelvic bone mass after radiotherapy for cervical cancer is observed within 5 weeks of fractionated treatment (1.8 Gy, five times a week for 5 weeks) (9). Total-body irradiation of rapidly growing mice with 137 Cs at 4 Gy causes a rapid reduction in the bone marrow osteoprogenitor pool and a reduction in bone mineral density 4 weeks later (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with¹³⁷Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts

et al. 2009

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Ionizing radiation can cause substantial tissue degeneration, which may threaten the long-term health of astronauts and radiotherapy patients. To determine whether a single dose of radiation acutely compromises structural integrity in the postpubertal skeleton, 18-week-old male mice were exposed to (137)Cs gamma radiation (1 or 2 Gy). The structure of high-turnover, cancellous bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) 3 or 10 days after irradiation and in basal controls (tissues harvested at the time of irradiation) and age-matched controls. Irradiation (2 Gy) caused a 20% decline in tibial cancellous bone volume fraction (BV/TV) within 3 days and a 43% decline within 10 days, while 1 Gy caused a 28% reduction 10 days later. The BV/TV decrement was due to increased spacing and decreased thickness of trabeculae. Radiation also increased ( approximately 150%) cancellous surfaces lined with tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts, an index of increased bone resorption. Radiation decreased lumbar vertebral BV/TV 1 month after irradiation, showing the persistence of cancellous bone loss, although mechanical properties in compression were unaffected. In sum, a single dose of gamma radiation rapidly increased osteoclast surface in cancellous tissue and compromised cancellous microarchitecture in the remodeling appendicular and axial skeleton of postpubertal mice.

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“…From these preclinical studies, the possibility exists that an early, radiation-induced increase in osteoclast activity can contribute to late-observed loss of bone density. Clinical evidence may support this acute, rapid bone loss: declines in volumetric bone mineral content have been reported in the lumbar vertebrae of cervical cancer patients relative to a pretreatment scan 5 weeks after the bone was exposed to either a 45 or 22.5 Gy total dose of high energy photons, with no subsequent recovery one year later [28]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risedronate prevents early radiation-induced osteoporosis in mice at multiple skeletal locations

Willey

Livingston

Robbins

et al. 2010

Bone

102

123

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Introduction Irradiation of normal, non-malignant bone during cancer therapy can lead to atrophy and increased risk of fracture at several skeletal sites, particularly the hip. This bone loss has been largely attributed to damaged osteoblasts. Little attention has been given to increased bone resorption as a contributor to radiation-induced osteoporosis. Our aims were to identify if radiation increases bone resorption resulting in acute bone loss, and if bone loss could be prevented by administering risedronate. Methods Twenty-week old female C57BL/6 mice were either: not irradiated and treated with placebo (NR+PL); whole-body irradiated with 2 Gy X-rays and treated with placebo (IR+PL); or irradiated and treated with risedronate (IR+RIS; 30μg/kg every other day). Calcein injections were administered 7 and 2 days before sacrifice. Bones were collected 1, 2, and 3 weeks after exposure. MicroCT analysis was performed at 3 sites: proximal tibial metaphysis; distal femoral metaphysis; and the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5). Osteoclasts were identified from TRAP-stained histological sections. Dynamic histomorphometry of cortical and trabecular bone was performed. Circulating TRAP5b and osteocalcin concentrations were quantified. Results In animals receiving IR+PL, significant (P < 0.05) reduction in trabecular volume fraction relative to non-irradiated controls was observed at all three skeletal sites and time points. Likewise, radiation-induced loss of connectivity and trabecular number relative to NR+PL were observed at all skeletal sites throughout the study. Bone loss primarily occurred during the first week post-exposure. Trabecular and endocortical bone formation was not reduced until Week 2. Loss of bone volume was absent in animals receiving IR+RIS. Histology indicated greater osteoclast numbers at Week 1 within IR+PL mice. Serum TRAP5b concentration was increased in IR+PL mice only at Week 1 compared to NR+PL (P = 0.05). Risedronate treatment prevented the radiation-induced increase in osteoclast number, surface, and TRAP5b. Conclusion This study demonstrated a rapid loss of trabecular bone at several skeletal sites after whole-body irradiation. Changes were accompanied by an increase in osteoclast number and serum markers of bone loss. Risedronate entirely prevented bone loss, providing further evidence that an increase in bone resorption likely caused this radiation-induced bone loss.

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Radiation osteoporosis ? an assessment using single energy quantitative computed tomography

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with¹³⁷Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts

Risedronate prevents early radiation-induced osteoporosis in mice at multiple skeletal locations

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Radiation osteoporosis ? an assessment using single energy quantitative computed tomography

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

The Effects of Radiation on Bone Mineral Density of Radiology Workers Depending on The Device They Use

Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with137Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts

Risedronate prevents early radiation-induced osteoporosis in mice at multiple skeletal locations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Total-Body Irradiation of Postpubertal Mice with¹³⁷Cs Acutely Compromises the Microarchitecture of Cancellous Bone and Increases Osteoclasts