Radiation protection and quality assurance in paediatric radiology

Cook, Jeffrey

doi:10.1259/img.13.4.130229

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, there was relatively good agreement between the REID values obtained in the present study and the results obtained by Cook (2001) and Mazonakis et al (2004). Some discrepancies could be explained by mismatching of age groups and use of different risk estimation methods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Dauer et al (2011) explained that physicians' awareness is important in holistic benefit-and-risk discussions in shared medical decisionmaking. The importance of knowledge about the lifetime risk of inducing a fatal cancer for various pediatric examinations was also confirmed in Cook's study (Cook, 2001) for appropriate justification of requests. The REID values are comprehensible for physicians to determine that a proposed X-ray examination is justified and compare with other potential health risks including smoking, alcohol, car accidents, fire, pesticides, ali_chaparian@yahoo.com earthquakes, air travel and swimming (Mihai et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The REID values are comprehensible for physicians to determine that a proposed X-ray examination is justified and compare with other potential health risks including smoking, alcohol, car accidents, fire, pesticides, ali_chaparian@yahoo.com earthquakes, air travel and swimming (Mihai et al, 2005). For example, a REID value of 10 per million is approximately equivalent to 1 return transatlantic flight (Cook, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mazonakis et al (2004) estimated the risk of fatal cancer induction to children undergoing skull radiography; Brindhaban and Eze (2006) performed this estimation for newborn and 1-year-old patients; and in Cook's study (Cook, 2001), the lifetime risk of developing a fatal cancer following X-ray exposure in childhood was generally shown. They estimated radiation-induced cancer values only for a few X-ray examinations and age groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi

Chaparian

2015

Radioprotection

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-Increasing concern has been expressed in the literature that the knowledge of physicians regarding the radiation risk values incurred during different radiological examinations is inadequate. This study determined the amount of organ doses and the radiation risks involved in pediatric radiology in terms of the age and sex of patients. The X-ray examinations of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and skull in patients of six age groups (newborn, 1-, 5-, 10-and 15-year-old, and adult) were investigated. Exposure data of 480 patients were collected from four radiology departments and then Entrance Skin Exposure (ESE) values for standard patients in the six age groups as well as five X-ray examinations were measured. By using these practical data, the risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID) values were estimated based on the risk models of the BEIR VII committee. It was shown that the differences in REID values in male and female patients were statistically significant for the chest and pelvis X-ray examinations. The X-rays of the abdomen, chest and pelvis have the highest REID values in 15-, 10-and 15-year-old patients, respectively. The results obtained can help physicians to make suitable decisions about the execution and justification of every X-ray examination in the different age groups. This information will help to prevent either overestimation or underestimation of radiation risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Nahangi

Chaparian

2015

Radioprotection

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“…Inadequate shielding and or omission of gonad shielding may increases the radiation dose of the gonads which leads to harmful effects..Omission and/ or inadequate shielding can be caused by lack of skill and the attitudes of medical radiologic technologist/radiographers towards gonad shielding. The use of gonad shielding relies on the attitudes of medical imaging technologists (MRTs)/radiographers to steadily follow to professional conduct requirements [13][14][15][16]. In a retrospective study done on pelvic radiographs it was found that only 23 % of radiographs (out of 355 radiographs) had been performed correct gonad shielding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the practice of gonad shielding during pelvic radiography

Teferi¹,

Tequabo²,

Bedane³

2017

Radiol Diagn Imaging

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Objective: To investigate the practice and attitudes of Medical radiologic technologists (MRTs')/radiographers on the use of Gonad shielding (GS)in pediatric radiological imaging. Methods:A questionnaire regarding MRTs' attitudes and on the use of Gonad shielding was developed based on relevant literatures and distributed to MRTs/ radiographers working in general radiography at Black Lion and St. Paul hospitals in a study period from June to August 2014. Descriptive (percentage of frequency) study was used to analyze the responses of the multiple choices. A separate questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the practice of GS in these two hospitals. Results:The radiographers had shown a positive attitude towards using GS, however none of them used it in daily practice for a various reason such as (GS may obscure region of interest 11.1%, uncooperative patient 16.7%, too busy 13.9%, GS not available 27.8% and no appropriate size GS 27.8%). The investigators had also reviewed 94 abdominal-pelvic radiographs and none was taken with application of GS. Conclusion:Although the radiographers had a positive attitude, none of them had applied GS while taking plain radiographs and/or CT scan in and around the gonads. Updates on their knowledge on gonadal shielding and enforcing every medical imaging technologist to comply with hospital protocols are recommended.

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Attitudes of medical imaging technologists on use of gonad shielding in general radiography

et al. 2012

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Purpose: Gonad shielding is an important way to address the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) requirement in radiography. However, its use relies on the attitudes of medical imaging technologists (MITs) to consistently adhere to professional conduct requirements relating to the application of gonad shielding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of Western Australian (WA) MITs to the use of gonad shielding in general radiography and also to explore the variables influencing these attitudes. Methods: A questionnaire regarding MITs' attitudes towards gonad shielding was developed based on relevant literature and distributed to MITs working in general radiography employed by public and private clinical centres in WA metropolitan and rural regions. Descriptive (percentage of frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi‐square, t‐test and analysis of variance) were used to analyse the responses of the multiple choice (MC) and 5‐point scale questions from the returned questionnaires. Results: The questionnaire response rate was 44.6% (127/285). It was found that WA MITs perceived gonad shielding as important (mean: 3.8) and that adequate education had been provided (mean: 3.1). However, statistically significant attitude variations existed among MITs from different employment sectors (P < 0.01), equipment awareness (P < 0.05), genders (P < 0.005) and educational qualifications (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall, WA MITs have positive and appropriate attitudes to the use of gonad shielding in general radiography. However, statistically significant attitude variations existed among MITs. Possible directions for improvement include the provision of gonad shielding protocol in each x‐ray room in clinical departments and the enhancement of education and training of shielding application. This potentially will lead to improved consistency in the appropriate application of gonad protective shielding.

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Radiation protection and quality assurance in paediatric radiology

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Assessment of radiation risk to pediatric patients undergoing conventional X-ray examinations

Preliminary study on the practice of gonad shielding during pelvic radiography

Attitudes of medical imaging technologists on use of gonad shielding in general radiography

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