Radiation Protection Instrument Reliability and Ma

Abstract

This report is a collection of reliability and maintenance data on several types of radiation protection instrumentation. Some radiation detectors are used for personnel safety; others are used for environmental stewardship. Six types of instruments are addressed in this report. These are: continuous air monitors, tritium room air monitors, facility vent stack monitors, tritium bubbler monitors, tritium in effluent water monitors, and general purpose radiation survey meters. Literature searches, operating experience data, and occurrence reports were used to identify failure modes and to estimate quantitative failure rates for several general types of radiation protection instruments. Likewise, data on instrument repair has been found when possible and used to estimate the mean time to repair. These data can be useful for facility safety assessment, personnel safety assessment, environment assessment, and for equipment and labor planning purposes.

The future for managing recreational fisheries in theMurray‐DarlingBasin

“…Observations by anglers of changes to fish populations in the MDB by 1880 were the catalyst for management of the fishery and research into the biology of native fish (NSW Government 1880). J. O. Langtry's post-WW2 survey of fish populations incorporated 'anecdotal' oral history information, creating a record of environmental change used to inform management practices (Cadwallader 1977). Recently, the concept of 'historical triangulation' to validate oral history using multiple lines of evidence such as photographs and newspaper stories has helped reinforce credibility of such information (Robertson et al 2000;Boulton et al 2004).…”

Laying the foundations for fish recovery: The first 10 years of the Native Fish Strategy for the Murray‐Darling Basin, Australia

“…The status of native fish populations and communities can provide an overall indicator of the health of rivers and catchment condition (Harris 1995) with declines being a warning that natural ecological functioning is at risk. Native fish populations in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) in south-eastern Australia have declined markedly, especially over the past century (Cadwallader 1977) with many species now being of conservation concern (Lintermans 2013). The threats to MDB fishes are many (Cadwallader 1979;Koehn & Lintermans 2012), reflecting a range of modifications to rivers and their catchments resulting in MDB rivers generally being in poor condition (Davies et al 2010(Davies et al , 2012.…”