Radiation Resistance and Injury of
            <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>

El-Zawahry, Y.A.; Rowley, D. B.

doi:10.1128/aem.37.1.50-54.1979

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md., was grown in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) (8). After 24 h at 30°C, a concentration of 108 cells per ml was reached as determined by direct microscopic count in a Petroff-Hausser chamber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the last incubation period the labeled cells were centrifuged for 15 minutes at 5,000 rpm at 2 to 4°C and washed three times with 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). After being washed, the bacterial cells were resuspended in 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) (8,9) to a final concentration of 2 x 108 cells per ml and used for either irradiation or freezing experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of radiation and freezing on [3H]DNA of Yersinia enterocolitica

Grecz¹,

El-Zawahry²

1984

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Freezing of the enteropathogenic bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica to-18 and-75°C caused 7 and 42% cell death, respectively, and 0.329 and 0.588 single-strand breaks per 108 daltons of DNA, respectively, while radiation to one D1o dose (10% cell survival) combined with freezing to 2 to 0,-18, and-75°C induced 0.05, 0.75, and 5.04 single-strand breaks, respectively. The increase in the effectiveness of radiation with respect to the yield of single-strand breaks at-18 and-75°C is contrary to expectation and seems to be due to arrest of repair of single-strand breaks by these low temperatures. Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated throughout the world from such products as beef, pork, ice cream, mussels, oysters, and drinking water (9, 15, 18). As a foodborne pathogen Y. enterocolitica presents a worldwide public health hazard. The dangerous nature of Y. enterocolitica is magnified by its ability to survive and multiply in refrigerated foods at 0 to 4°C (18, 19). Since Y. enterocolitica does not form spores, it is fairly sensitive to radiation (8). It is also sensitive to freezing (7). Radiation doses of <1 Mrad may be used to eliminate foodborne Y. enterocolitica (8) as well as Salmonella (14, 22), Shigella (8), and Staphylococcus (8) spp. During food irradiation it is a common practice to cool or freeze the food product to protect it against undesirable microbiological and organoleptic changes. Freezing by itself or in combination with radiation causes cell inactivation as well as cell injury. Cell injury is defined as increased sensitivity of surviving cells to deleterious agents. In practice, cell injury is measured as the fraction of cells unable to grow in the presence of 2.5% NaCl in the recovery medium (8). In gram-negative bacteria ionizing radiation induces DNA strand breaks detected by the alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation technique (5, 11, 23, 24). Freezing similarly induces DNA breakage in the gram-negative species Escherichia coli (1, 2, 3). A causal relationship of DNA breakage to cell inactivation has been reported for both radiation (12, 17) and freezing (1, 2, 3); however, in the present study no simple relation could be seen between these two parameters when radiation was compared with freezing or with the combination of radiation and freezing, a common practice in food irradiation. Although the study of DNA injury by radiation and freezing in gram-negative organisms is not new, the enteropathogen Y. enterocolitica has, to our knowledge, not been investigated. Furthermore, the combined action of freezing and radiation is also poorly understood. In the present study we investigated these two points. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth and labeling of Y. enterocolitica. A clinical strain of Y. enterocolitica, strain WA, kindly provided by W. H. Lee,

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of radiation and freezing on [3H]DNA of Yersinia enterocolitica

Grecz¹,

El-Zawahry²

1984

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the same study, the radioresistance of the organism to a dose of 1.5 kGy in vacuum-packaged ground beef was found to increase sharply between 0 and -15°C; from -15 to -60°C the increases in resistance were very small. Similar temperature effects have also been reported for Campylobacter jejuni (Lambert and Maxcy, 1984), Yersinia enterocolitica (El-Zawahry and Rowley, 1979) and Listeria monocytogenes , among others.…”

Section: Temperature and Water Contentsupporting

confidence: 85%

Sensitivity of Listeria to irradiation in raw ground meat, as affected by type of radiation, product temperature, packaging atmosphere, and recovery medium

Tarté

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes 52 Epidemiology of foodbome listeriosis 55 Listeria monocytogenes in foods and the environment 59 Elimination of Listeria monocytogenes by Food Irradiation 61 References 66 CHAPTER 3. SURVIVAL AND INJURY OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES, LISTERIA INNOCUA AND LISTERIA IVANOVIim GROUND PORK FOLLOWING ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION Abstract 79 CHAPIER 4. SENSITIVITY OF LISTERU MONOCYTOGENES TO IRRADL^TION IN GROUND BEEF AS AFFECTED BY TYPE OF RADIATION (X-RAYS OR ELECTRONS

show abstract

“…Low levels of copper in a chlorine-free distribution system have been reported to cause substantial injury to coliform populations (12). However, copper injury of Y. enterocolitica has not been described previously, although injury from exposure to heat (34), radiation (16), and radiation and freezing (15,19) has been recently reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica by copper-induced injury

Singh¹,

LeChevallier²,

McFeters³

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A sublethal concentration of copper (0.75 mg/liter) caused substantial injury (87 to 95%) of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8 cells in 72 h at 4°C without producing extensive cell death. Copper-injured cells had a higher 50% lethal dose in mice (2,700 CFU) than uninjured cells (150 CFU). This reduced virulence correlated with more rapid clearance of the injured cells from the blood of mice after intravenous inoculation. A possible role of the liver in this process was shown by significant cell accumulation in mouse livers when copper-injured Y. enterocolitica cells were administered, compared with uninjured bacteria. In vitro studies with isolated mouse liver membranes showed higher titers of aggregation with copper-injured cells than control cells. The in vitro aggregation reaction and blood clearance activity in vivo were abolished by sugars that are known to interact with a hepatic lectin. Our data suggest that copper-induced injury reduces the virulence of Y. enterocolitica and that the liver may be involved in nonimmune rapid clearance of the injured cells, probably by interaction with a hepatic lectin(s). Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated from a variety of foods, such as raw milk (35, 38), cheese (36), raw meats (4, 37, 39), and vegetables (1), and from various water sources, such as pond and well water (9), drinking water (25), and streams and lakes (20). This organism is being increasingly recognized as the cause of a variety of infections in humans, including acute gastroenteritis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicemia, arthritis, and erythema nodosum (8, 42). Yersiniosis is regarded as a foodor waterborne disease because of the implication of food (3, 10, 21, 29, 46) or water (4, 14, 22, 25) in several outbreaks. Y. enterocolitica may become physiologically injured from water treatment or the processing of foods. The resulting injured population shows increased sensitivity to selective agents in the recovery medium (16). Since injured organisms generally fail to multiply in selective media used for isolation or enumeration, they remain undetected. However, induced injury in the few pathogens that have been studied (11, 18, 41) did not alter their pathogenic characteristics. This was evident after they were recovered and grown in nonselective media. In aquatic environments copper and other elements, even in trace amounts, present potentially important causes of bacterial injury. In a survey of the water supplies of the 100 largest cities of the United States, the copper concentrations ranged from 0.006 to 0.25 mg/liter (13). Other studies have

show abstract

Radiation Resistance and Injury of Yersinia enterocolitica

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of radiation and freezing on [3H]DNA of Yersinia enterocolitica

Effect of radiation and freezing on [3H]DNA of Yersinia enterocolitica

Sensitivity of Listeria to irradiation in raw ground meat, as affected by type of radiation, product temperature, packaging atmosphere, and recovery medium

Reduced virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica by copper-induced injury

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About