Radiation response behavior of high phosphorous doped step-index multimode optical fibers under low dose gamma irradiation

Paul, Mukul Chandra; Bohra, D.; Dhar, Anirban; Sen, Ranjan; Bhatnagar, Pradeep K; Dasgupta, Kamal

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.05.017

Cited by 60 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The RIA is affected by: 1. the manufacturing conditions, the parameters related to the technology used in producing the optical fiber: the deposition conditions, the draw process characteristicsdraw speed, fiber drawing tension, the preform deposition temperature, oxygen-toreagent ratio (02/R) used during core and clad deposition (Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2006;Hanafusa et al, 1986); 2. the existence, prior to the irradiation, of some precursors (Miniscalco et al, 1986); 3. the dopants present in the optical fiber core or cladding (pure silica, or doped with Ce, Er, Ge, F, N, P, Yb, high-OH, low-OH, high-Cl, low-Cl, H2-loading), (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Berghmans, 2006;Berghmans et al, 2008;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;Girard et al, 2008;Griscom et al, 1996;Henschel et al, 1992;Kuyt et al, 2006;Lu et al, 1999;Mady et al, 2010;Paul et al, 2009;Regnier et al, 2007;Vedda et al, 2004;Wijnands et al, 2007), in some situations such ingredients contribute to the radiation hardening (Brichard et al, 2004;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Girard et al, 2009); 4. the residual substances remaining after the manufacturing process, as for example chlorine having an associated color center in the UV spectral range, which can extend into the visible Girard & Marcandella, 2010); 5. the type of radiation to which the optical fiber is subjected (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard et al, 2001;Calderón et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of changes induced by highly energetic radiation in the optical transmission of silica optical fibers is governed by the optical fiber design, i.e. core-cladding dopants and diameter ratio (Deparis et al, 1997;Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;Kuhnhenn, 2005;Paul et al, 2009), and by the multitude of color centers activated under the irradiation process, such as (Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Origlio, 2009): 1. Ge centers: GeE', Ge(1), Ge(2), GEC, GeX, Ge-NBOH (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole) (Alessi et al, 2010 ;Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006 ;Girard et al, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 2.…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ge centers: GeE', Ge(1), Ge(2), GEC, GeX, Ge-NBOH (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole) (Alessi et al, 2010 ;Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006 ;Girard et al, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 2. P centers: P1, P2, P4, Phosphorus-Oxygen-Hole -POHC (Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2011 ;Paul et al, 2009;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 3. silica related paramagnetic centers (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole -NBOHC, PerOxyRadical -POR, SiE', Self-Trapped Hole -STH 1/2) or diamagnetic centres (Oxygen Deficient Centre -ODC; Peroxy Linkage -POL), Girard et al, 2008). In order to distinguish the contribution of various color centers to the irradiation induced absorption in silica optical fibers, complementary investigations, apart from the off-line/online optical transmission measurements, were carried-out: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -EPR Radiation effects, 2007;Sporea et al, 2010a;Weeks & Sonder, 1963), luminescence (Girard et al, 2005;Girard et al, 2006;Sporea et al, 2010a;Miniscalco et al, 1986), thermoluminescence (Espinosa et al, 2006;Hashim et al, 2008;Mady et al, 2010;Sporea et al, 2010b;Yaakob et al, 2011), confocal microscopy luminescence and Raman analysis Origlio, 2009), time resolved photoluminescence .…”

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irradiation induced absorption in doped optical fibers (GeO 2 or P 2 O 5 , from 12 to 16 mol/%, in the core), under gamma-ray irradiation at low dose rate (1, 0.1 and 0.01 Gy/h, up to a total dose of 1 Gy) was done to evaluate the possible use of such optical fibers as radiation dosimeters. The absorption was monitored during the irradiation ( 60 Co-gamma radiation source of energy 1.25 MeV and Cs-137 radiation source of energy 0.662 MeV) over the wavelength interval 350 nm -1100 nm (Paul et al, 2009). As compared to the published data, our investigations focused mostly on the estimation of irradiation effects on special optical fibers, by checking their response in the UV-visible spectral range.…”

Section: Intrinsic Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Sporea¹,

Sporea²,

O'Keeffe³

et al. 2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Fibers Performances Under Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrinsic Optical Fiber Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Sporea¹,

Sporea²,

O'Keeffe³

et al. 2012

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technology

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“…This phenomenon is mainly because of thermal annealing of color centers, which eliminates more of the damage at an elevated temperature [10] . For a P-doped fiber, researchers have considered this exception by transforming the phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) into the P1 center [11,12] . In this letter, the temperature behavior of the RIA of a Ge/P co-doped fiber after steady-state γ-ray irradiation and a series of annealing treatments was tested to demonstrate the temperature dependence of color center absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Song¹,

Guo²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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We investigate the temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) at 1 310 nm for a Ge/P co-doped fiber after a steady-state γ-ray irradiation. A γ irradiation facility 60 Co source is used to irradiate the fiber at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min, satisfying a total dose of 100 Gy. The test temperature ranges from -40 to 60• C by 20• C, and the RIA of the fiber is obtained using a power measuring device. The experimental result demonstrates that RIA exhibits a steady, monotonic, and remarkable temperature dependence after approximately 48 h of accelerated annealing at 70• C. The optical fiber irradiated with a high dose and annealed sufficiently can be used as a temperature sensor.OCIS The recent advancements in photonic technologies have provided new applications for optical fibers involving radiation environment, such as fibre optic gyroscope (FOG) [1,2] and fiber optics amplifiers [3,4] in space. The presence of highly energetic radiation in this environment, however, may induce additional optical attenuation greatly. Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is primarily caused by the trapping of radiolytic electrons and holes at defect sites in the fiber, i.e., formation of color centers [5,6] . In addition, a number of studies have indicated that the RIA of an optical fiber is sensitive to temperature [7,8] . Various studies have demonstrated that RIA decreases with increasing temperature, with the exception of fibers containing phosphorus (P) [9] . This phenomenon is mainly because of thermal annealing of color centers, which eliminates more of the damage at an elevated temperature [10] . For a P-doped fiber, researchers have considered this exception by transforming the phosphorus oxygen hole center (POHC) into the P1 center [11,12] . In this letter, the temperature behavior of the RIA of a Ge/P co-doped fiber after steady-state γ-ray irradiation and a series of annealing treatments was tested to demonstrate the temperature dependence of color center absorption. Our tests only considered the temperature, avoiding the influence of other factors, such as radiation dose and dose rate.Only one type of fiber was studied in our experiments, Ge/P co-doped both in core and cladding. The cladding and coating diameters of this fiber were 80 and 165 µm. This 300-m-long fiber was produced with a loss constant of 0.8 dB/km at 1 310 nm.Our experiments involved three steps. First, the temperature behavior of the fiber loss was tested in two temperature cycles before irradiation to compare the RIA temperature effect. Second, the tested fiber was subjected to radiation to satisfy a total dose of 100 Gy, and then set aside for approximately 4 d at room temperature for primary annealing. Two temperature cycling tests were conducted for the RIA temperature characteristic testing, in which the test condition was the same as the initial conditions. Finally, the fiber underwent an accelerated annealing process at 70• C, which was 10• C higher than the maximal test temperature, until the attenuation variation was less than ...

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Combined Temperature Radiation Effects and Influence of Drawing Conditions on Phosphorous‐Doped Optical Fibers

Francesca

Girard

Agnello

et al. 2018

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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This work focuses on the effects of high dose ionizing radiation, up to 10 MGy(SiO2), on P‐doped multimode optical fibers (OF) at different irradiation temperatures. The investigation is based on two complementary experimental techniques: radiation‐induced attenuation (RIA) measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The latter technique allows measuring the P1, P2, metastable‐POHC and stable‐POHC defects. Three OF samples are drawn from the same preform to evaluate the influence of changing their drawing conditions of the OFs on the radiation responses. This first study is performed under X‐rays at room temperature. The results are compared with the ones of γ‐rays irradiation. The latter allows to highlight a linear correlation between the NIR absorption band at 1.6 µm and the EPR signal of P1 defects, which supports D. Griscom's assignment of this absorption band to the P1 defect. The combined effect of ionizing radiation and irradiation temperature is also investigated extensively: online RIA measurements as well as post‐mortem EPR measurements for irradiation temperatures ranging from 25 to 280 °C and doses up to 3 MGy are performed. Both RIA and EPR data show that increasing the irradiation temperature can lead to an increased production of point defects and associated absorption bands. This result is of great importance for the employment of P‐doped OFs in radiation environment.

show abstract

Radiation response behavior of high phosphorous doped step-index multimode optical fibers under low dose gamma irradiation

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

Temperature dependence of radiation-induced attenuation of optical f ibers

Combined Temperature Radiation Effects and Influence of Drawing Conditions on Phosphorous‐Doped Optical Fibers

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