Radiation risk estimation in human populations: Lessons from the radiological accident in Brazil

Cruz, Aparecido Divino da; Volpe, John P.; Saddi, Vera Aparecida; Curry, John D.; Curadoc, M.Paula; Glickman, Barry W.

doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(96)00199-6

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For an extensive review of the accident, the readers are referred to da Cruz et al . & IAEA 1 , 2 . Despite being disastrous, the accident provided a unique opportunity to study the biological effects of ionizing radiation-induced mutations in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small de novo CNVs as biomarkers of parental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation of caesium-137

Costa

Pinto

Gonçalves

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The radiological accident in Goiania in 1987 caused a trail of human contamination, animal, plant and environmental by a radionuclide. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in different types of DNA lesions. The mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on the germline are special concern because they can endures for several generations, leading to an increase in the rate of mutations in children of irradiated parents. Thus, to evaluate the biological mechanisms of ionizing radiation in somatic and germline cells, with consequent determination of the rate mutations, is extremely important for the estimation of genetic risks. Recently it was established that Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is an important tool for detecting wide spectra of gains or losses in the human genome. Here we present the results of the effect of accidental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation on the formation of CNVs in the progeny of a human population accidentally exposed to Caesium-137 during the radiological accident in Goiânia, Brazil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small de novo CNVs as biomarkers of parental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation of caesium-137

Costa

Pinto

Gonçalves

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…This can be mediated by different mechanisms and depends on the type of tissue and dose exposure 7,[27][28][29] . Exposure to ionizing radiation can damage DNA and result in mutation and consequent development of cancer 2,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence in the cohort exposed to Cesium-137 accident in Goiânia (Brazil) in 1987

et al. 2019

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Objetivo: descrever a incidência de casos de câncer nas vítimas diretas do acidente Grupo I e II e comparar com as taxas de incidência de câncer na população de Goiânia. Método: Estudo descritivo da coorte de pacientes diretamente expostos e contaminados (Grupos I e II), no acidente com Césio 137, ocorrido em Goiânia (Brasil), em 1987. Descrevemos os casos incidentes de neoplasia maligna diagnosticados no período entre 1988 e 2017. Foram calculados a razão das taxas de incidência e os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), segundo o sexo na população de estudo. Resultados: No período de 30 anos (1987-2017), ocorreram sete casos de câncer, em seis vítimas diretas do acidente pelo césio-137. Desses, cinco ocorreram em homens (esôfago [1], próstata [3] e bexiga [1]) e dois, em mulheres (mama [1] e melanoma da pele [1]). As taxas de incidência acumulada nas vítimas diretas do Césio-137 foram de 327,9/100,000 entre homens e de 148,6/100,000 entre as mulheres. Na população de Goiânia, as taxas foram de 221,4/100,000 e 231,2/100,000 em homens e mulheres, respectivamente. As razões das taxas de incidência bruta (vítimas diretas do Césio-137/população de Goiânia) foram 1,5 (IC95%:0,4;5,9) em homens e 0,6 (IC95%:0,1;3,8) em mulheres, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: A incidência de câncer nas vítimas diretas do acidente pelo Césio 137 (Grupos I e II), segundo o sexo, não foi diferente da população não exposta ao Césio-137 do município de Goiânia; portanto, o risco de câncer foi semelhante ao da população geral do Município de Goiânia.

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“…[ 31 ] CTMs were cultured for as long as 64 days in vitro (DIV) and were irradiated with 5 Gy of GR; a dose relevant to acute survival of nuclear accidents or attacks. [ 12,13,32 ] We observed significant DNA damage, reduced neurite length, decreased firing and network activity in the CTM after GR treatment. Further, we effectively mitigated significant GR‐induced injuries including increased DNA damage, and reduced neurite length by pre‐treatment of CTM cultures with the known radioprotectant amifostine (250 µ m ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[ 10,11 ] Post‐incident reports indicate survivors were primarily exposed to GR. [ 12–14 ] However, due to the nature of these incidents and the impracticalities of fundamental studies on human patients, little is currently known regarding the precise mechanisms leading to RICD. [ 15 ] To date, mechanistic studies have largely been carried out in either animal models or 2D culture systems [ 15,4 ] Of the few clinical and preclinical reports aiming to address underlying mechanisms, challenges regarding qualitative data collection and human disease relevancy of the model systems persist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Model Based on Dense Collagen to Study the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Neuronal Function

Lojek,

Williams,

Rogers

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Studies on gamma radiation‐induced injury have long been focused on hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems, yet little is known about the effects of gamma radiation on the function of human cortical tissue. The challenge in studying radiation‐induced cortical injury is, in part, due to a lack of human tissue models and physiologically relevant readouts. Here, a physiologically relevant 3D collagen‐based cortical tissue model (CTM) is developed for studying the functional response of human iPSC‐derived neurons and astrocytes to a sub‐lethal radiation exposure (5 Gy). Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, morphology, and extracellular electrophysiology are quantified. It is reported that 5 Gy exposure significantly increases cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and astrocyte reactivity while significantly decreasing neurite length and neuronal network activity. Additionally, it is found that clinically deployed radioprotectant amifostine ameliorates the DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and astrocyte reactivity. The CTM provides a critical experimental platform to understand cell‐level mechanisms by which gamma radiation (GR) affects human cortical tissue and to screen prospective radioprotectant compounds.

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Radiation risk estimation in human populations: Lessons from the radiological accident in Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Small de novo CNVs as biomarkers of parental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation of caesium-137

Small de novo CNVs as biomarkers of parental exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation of caesium-137

Cancer incidence in the cohort exposed to Cesium-137 accident in Goiânia (Brazil) in 1987

A 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Model Based on Dense Collagen to Study the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Neuronal Function

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