Radiative cooling of Al−4and Al−5in a cryogenic environment

Lange, Michael; Froese, M.; Menk, Sebastian; Bing, Dennis; Fellenberger, Florian; Grieser, M.; Laux, Felix; Orlov, D. A.; Repnow, R.; Sieber, T.; Toker, Yoni; Hahn, R. von; Wolf, A.; Blaum, Klaus

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/6/065007

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Storage ring experiments on radiative cooling of metal clusters have focused on anions. At present aluminium [56,64,112,113], copper [114][115][116], and silver [56,117] have been studied. The clusters tend to be small, due to the characteristics of the frequently used cesium sputter sources.…”

Section: The Rates Of Nb +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters

Ferrari

Janssens

Lievens

et al. 2019

International Reviews in Physical Chemistry

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Predicted almost forty years ago, the radiation from thermally populated excited electronic states has recently been recognized as an important cooling mechanism in free molecules and clusters. It has presently been observed from both inorganic clusters and carbon-based molecules in molecular beams and ion storage devices. Experiments have demonstrated that many of these systems radiate at rates approaching microsecond time scales, and often with a distinct dependence on the precise number of atoms in the system. The radiation acts as a strongly stabilizing factor against both unimolecular decay and thermal electron emission. In astrophysical context, radiative cooling provides a mechanism to dissipate internal energy in star-forming processes, and stabilizes molecules selectively in the circumstellar medium. The consequences of an active radiative cooling channel for nanoparticle production will likewise favor special sizes in nonequilibrium formation processes. In this review, the radiative cooling of clusters is presented and illustrated with examples of experiments performed on small carbon, metal, and semiconductor clusters, and on PAH molecules. The experimental and theoretical techniques used are discussed, together with the consequences of radiative cooling on size-to-size stability patterns of clusters.

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Section: The Rates Of Nb +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters

Ferrari

Janssens

Lievens

et al. 2019

International Reviews in Physical Chemistry

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“…In more recent * chen@univ-lyon1.fr works on this small PAH molecule, the fast radiative decay rate of the anthracene cation was measured [8] and calculations of its structure and spectral properties were performed [9]. A similar radiative decay process has been referred to as fluorescence from thermally excited electronic states in studies on large molecules such as fullerenes [10][11][12] and on small cluster anions Al n − (n = 4-5) [13,14]. Studies on small carbonaceous anions, namely, C 5 − , C 6 − , C 6 H − , and C 7 − , have demonstrated the dramatic effect of the electronic structure on radiative cooling, which was found to be limited to IR emission in the case of C 5 − and C 6 H − and much faster for the other species due to the fluorescence from electronic states [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast radiative cooling of anthracene: Dependence on internal energy

Martin

Bernard

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Fast radiative cooling of anthracene cations (C 14 H 10 ) + is studied with a compact electrostatic storage device, the Mini-Ring. The time evolution of the internal energy distribution of the stored ions is probed in a time range from 3 to 7 ms using laser-induced dissociation with 3.49-eV photons. The population decay rate due to radiative emission is measured to vary from 25 to 450 s -1 as a function of the excitation energy in the range from 6 to 7.4 eV. After corrections of the infrared emission effect via vibrational transitions, the fluorescence emission rate due to electronic transitions from thermally excited electronic states is estimated and compared with a statistical molecular approach. In the considered internal energy range, the radiative cooling process is found to be dominated by the electronic transition, in good agreement with our previous work [S. Martin et al.,

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“…Apart from prompt electrons, a considerable amount of delayed electrons is observed, being related to thermionic emission as known from bulk matter. 1,2 Experimental data is available mainly on fullerenes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and tungsten clusters, [12][13][14][15][16] but also on other metal clusters, 12,[17][18][19][20][21] accompanied by the development of theoretical models. 9,19,22,23 Thermionic emission has been observed also for positively charged sodium clusters, where ultra-short fslaser pulses excite the electronic system only, preventing fragmentation of the ionic core.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundances of Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexa-Anionic Gold Clusters

et al. 2015

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Tetra-, penta-and hexa-anionic gold clusters have been produced in a Penning trap. Their abundances have been investigated as a function of cluster size, and critical sizes have been determined for each charge state. Previous descriptions of the poly-anion abundance by means of field emission on the one hand, and by thermionic emission on the other hand, are extended to a temperature-dependent fieldemission model. The latter provides an improved explanation of experimental data, in particular for tetra-and penta-anionic gold clusters. Although the present approach is still based on a temperature concept from the bulk, it demonstrates the advantage of combining both the thermal excitation of electrons and the tunneling process in the description of stability of multiply negatively charged metal clusters with respect to electron emission.

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Radiative cooling of Al⁻₄and Al⁻₅in a cryogenic environment

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters

Radiative cooling of size-selected gas phase clusters

Fast radiative cooling of anthracene: Dependence on internal energy

Abundances of Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexa-Anionic Gold Clusters

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