Radiative Forcing of Nitrate Aerosols From 1975 to 2010 as Simulated by MOSAIC Module in CESM2‐MAM4

Lu, Zheng; Liu, X.; Zaveri, Rahul A.; Easter, Richard C.; Tilmes, Simone; Emmons, L. K.; Vitt, Francis; Singh, Balwinder; Wang, Hailong; Zhang, R.; Rasch, Philip J.

doi:10.1029/2021jd034809

Cited by 17 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The global annual mean nitrate burden in MTC_SLOW is slightly lower than the one from Lu et al. (2021), and the net chemistry production in MTC_SLOW is quite close to that in Lu et al. (2021) (12.8 vs. 12.3 Tg N a −1 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…(2021) and Lu et al. (2021) using MAM7. Note that Equation is also used in the accumulation mode of MAM7 in Zaveri et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) and Lu et al. (2021), they introduced relatively low

{\alpha }_{{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}

(≤0.0011) for HNO 3 onto dust particles (i.e., dust containing aerosol modes), which is calculated as a function of relative humidity (RH):

\alpha =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{0.0018\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}}{(1-\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H})(1+7\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H})}\hfill & \mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}< 0.8\hfill \\ 0.0011\hfill & \mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}\ge 0.8\hfill \end{array}\right.

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To couple MOSAIC with MAM4 in EAMv2, we add additional aerosol species in MAM4 following Lu et al. (2021). As listed in Table 1, we add nitrate aerosol (

{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}

) to the accumulation, Aitken, and coarse modes to simulate the formation of various salts containing nitrate anions (e.g., NH 4 NO 3 , NaNO 3 , and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) in MOSAIC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use 0.67 for the hygroscopicity of nitrate aerosols (Petters & Kreidenweis, 2007) following Lu et al. (2021) and Xu and Penner (2012), which is larger than the hygroscopicity of sulfate aerosols. Same as nitrate aerosol, ammonium aerosol (

{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}

) is added to the three MAM4 modes to simulate the formation of various salts containing ammonium cations (e.g., NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HSO 4 , and NH 4 Cl).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Evaluation of E3SM‐MOSAIC: Spatial Distributions and Radiative Effects of Nitrate Aerosol

Wang

Easter

et al. 2022

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Nitrate, formed in the atmosphere via gas-to-particle conversion of NO x and HNO 3 , plays an important role in the Earth's climate (Boucher et al., 2013;Szopa et al., 2021). It can affect the Earth's radiation budget directly through scattering solar radiation (e.g., Adams et al., 2001;van Dorland et al., 1997) and indirectly through acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN; e.g., Kulmala et al., 1993;Xu & Penner, 2012). The formation of nitrate aerosols can also impact atmospheric chemistry. Ammonium nitrate forms predominantly in the fine aerosol mode through the aqueous phase reaction between HNO 3 and excess NH 3 (left after fully neutralizing sulfate) (e.g., Bassett & Seinfeld, 1983;Metzger et al., 2002). Nitrate aerosols can also form in the coarse aerosol mode through heterogeneous reactions of nitrogen species such as HNO 3 and N 2 O 5 on the surface of mineral dust and

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…(2021) and Lu et al. (2021) using MAM7. Note that Equation is also used in the accumulation mode of MAM7 in Zaveri et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2021) and Lu et al. (2021), they introduced relatively low

{\alpha }_{{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}}

(≤0.0011) for HNO 3 onto dust particles (i.e., dust containing aerosol modes), which is calculated as a function of relative humidity (RH):

\alpha =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{0.0018\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}}{(1-\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H})(1+7\mathrm{R}\mathrm{H})}\hfill & \mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}< 0.8\hfill \\ 0.0011\hfill & \mathrm{R}\mathrm{H}\ge 0.8\hfill \end{array}\right.

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…To couple MOSAIC with MAM4 in EAMv2, we add additional aerosol species in MAM4 following Lu et al. (2021). As listed in Table 1, we add nitrate aerosol (

{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}

) to the accumulation, Aitken, and coarse modes to simulate the formation of various salts containing nitrate anions (e.g., NH 4 NO 3 , NaNO 3 , and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ) in MOSAIC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}

) is added to the three MAM4 modes to simulate the formation of various salts containing ammonium cations (e.g., NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 HSO 4 , and NH 4 Cl).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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