The addition of band ligation did not affect the rate of rebleeding (15 per cent) compared to stent shunt alone: 8 per cent, P = 0·44. In addition, mortality rates (40 versus 47 per cent, respectively) and encephalopathy rates (after adjustment) were similar in this trial that included 79 patients. There were no significant differences between the two techniques of anaesthesia for hernia repair in this small study of 34 procedures. The analysis included 5233 patients. Oral chemotherapy improved overall survival (hazard ratio 0·89, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·8 to 0·99, P = 0·04) and disease-free survival (0·85, 0·77 to 0·93, P < 0·001).