Radical polymer grafted graphene for high-performance Li+/Na+ organic cathodes

Interfacial Self-assembly of Organics/MXene Hybrid Cathodes Toward High-Rate-Performance Sodium Ion Batteries

“…In view of the insertion/extraction of the larger Na + (ion radius: Na + ∼ 0.102 nm vs. Li + ∼ 0.076 nm), conventional rigid inorganic cathode materials directly being used in SIBs still suffer from low capacity, poor cyclability, sluggish kinetics, and even serious phase transition. , In contrast, organic cathode materials have more competitive advantages to inorganic materials for SIBs in many aspects, such as relatively weak intermolecular interactions, flexibility, low-cost, renewable resources, and tunable molecular structure. − However, organic cathodes still face many challenges, such as dissolution in organic electrolytes for small molecular organic materials − as well as low electrical conductivity, ,, leading to fast capacity decay, inefficient utilization of active materials and unsatisfactory rate performance. A two-bird-one-stone strategy is to integrate redox-active polymers into conductive carbon substrates, − such as in situ polymerization of poly­(pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone) (PPTO) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to construct PPTO–CNTs composites, in situ electropolymerization of 4,4′,4’’-tris­(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), quinone-rich polydopamine (PDA) coating on 3D porous carbon surface, and radical polymer poly­(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) grafting graphene sheets (rGO) composites . Meanwhile, for organic polymer active materials, many researches also paid their attention to decrease the particle size of the polymer , or add massive conductive carbon materials to improve the material utilization and the electronic conductivity .…”

“…A two-bird-one-stone strategy is to integrate redox-active polymers into conductive carbon substrates, 18−20 4,5,9,10-tetraone) (PPTO) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to construct PPTO−CNTs composites, 7 in situ electropolymerization of 4,4′,4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), 16 quinone-rich polydopamine (PDA) coating on 3D porous carbon surface, 21 and radical polymer poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) grafting graphene sheets (rGO) composites. 22 Meanwhile, for organic polymer active materials, many researches also paid their attention to decrease the particle size of the polymer 23,24 or add massive conductive carbon materials to improve the material utilization and the electronic conductivity. 25 However, the introduction of massive inactive carbon contents undoubtedly caused the loss of gravimetric and volumetric capacities.…”

p‐Type Redox‐Active Organic Electrode Materials for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Batteries

“…With the aid of bipolar-type double redox, the PTMA composite electrodes delivered large specific capacities (>200 mAh g À1 ); however, the capacity contributions from the n-type reaction naturally lowered their average voltages concurrently with the specific energies. [197][198][199] In contrast, the PNZ derivatives, one of the dibenzo-annulated six-membered ring compounds, undergo two stepwise singleelectron oxidations, leading to large specific capacities of %230 mAh g À1 with specific energies higher than 600 Wh kg À1 . [65,[155][156][157][158] Impressively, the PNZ network polymer poly(Ph-PZ)-10 delivered the highest specific energy (%800 Wh kg À1 ) among p-type ROMs, which far exceeds that of conventional electrodes.…”

“…d) The cycle stability of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-g-PTMA 50 (chemically grafted) and rGO/PTMA 50 (physically mixed) at 1C. Reproduced with permission [198]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.…”

High Discharge Capacity and Ultra-Fast-Charging Sodium Dual-Ion Battery Based on Insoluble Organic Polymer Anode and Concentrated Electrolyte

“…Fossil fuel-based development is unsustainable and poses serious environmental pollution. − The necessity of a clean and sustainable energy supply for the future of mankind prompted the emergence of electrochemical energy storage technologies. − Since commercialization in 1991, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles over past decades. , However, scarce and unevenly distributed lithium resources and continuously rising prices contribute to increasingly high manufacturing and usage costs for LIBs, which is not suitable for large-scale energy storage applications. − Alternatively, with abundant and widely distributed resources, sodium is inexpensive and possesses electrochemical properties similar to lithium. − Furthermore, dual-ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted extensive attention from investigators owing to their low cost, wide operating voltage, and environmental friendliness. − Different from the traditional rocking chair LIBs, during the charging process, the cations in the electrolyte will move to the anode for redox reaction. At the same time, anions will also move to the cathode and participate in the electrochemical reaction.…”