Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Anacardium occidentale L. Stem Barks from South East Sulawesi-Indonesia

Abstract

Wahyuni, et al.: Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Potencies of Anacardium occidentale Stem Barks Three phenolic compounds, pinostrobin, pinocembrin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehide have been isolated and identified for the first time from methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L. stem bark. The isolation was carried out using various techniques of chromatography such as thin layer chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography. Silica gel as adsorbent and a mixture of solvents as eluent were used during the separation process. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by Fourier transforms infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (1-and 2-Dimensi) spectroscopies. Biological properties of the isolated compounds were evaluated against four strains of bacteria (Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313, Salmonella typhi YCTC, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33591, and Escherichia coli ATCC 35219), as well as the radical scavenging potential in DPPH assay. Results indicated that pinocembrin was the most active isolated compound towards S. dysenteriae, S. typhi, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and E. coli, however in comparison to the MIC 50 value of the standard, pinocembrin possessed low antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, 4-hydroxybenzaldehide showed the highest radical scavenger activity with IC 50 value of 134.93±0.13 µM, but much lower compared to vitamin C with IC 50 value of 63.32±0.22 µM.

Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Anacardium occidentale L

“…The results revealed that methanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with an IC50 value of 87.67 μg/mL. This finding is similar to previous study which showed high antioxidant capacity of stem barks and leaves extracts of A. occidentale (Olatunji, 2015;Uni et al, 2018).…”

“…Phytochemical studies on this species revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites, which are of potential medicinal uses. Studies have found that some of these compounds extracted from A. occidentale exhibit biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-mutagenic, and anti-allergic (Olatunji, 2015;Uni et al, 2018;Yuliana et al, 2014;Aracelli et al, 2016). The main focus was on the extraction, isolation, and characterization of compounds from the stem barks of A. occidentale.…”

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Effects of Anacardium Plants: An Ethnopharmacological Perspective

“…Chloramphenicol exhibited inhibition zones of 18.71 to 21.50 mm. The IC 50 varied from 62.5 to 500 (4,098 µM), with the best effect being obtained using the extract against all strains (46).…”