Radicalization of Homegrown Sunni Militants in the United States: Comparing Converts and Non-Converts

Kleinmann, Scott

doi:10.1080/1057610x.2012.656299

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Se han realizado diversas revisiones sistemáticas en torno a la radicalización política (Wilner y Dubouloz, 2011y 2010Borum, 2011aBorum, y 2011bChristmann, 2012;Kleinmann, 2012;Pisoiu, 2013;Hafez y Mullins, 2015;Klausen et al, 2016;Scarcella et al, 2016;McCauley y Moskalenko, 2017); empero, aún se dista de un consenso, pues la mayoría de los modelos no han sido sometidos a investigaciones exhaustivas (Borum, 2011b: 46) y además presentan deficiencias metodológicas (Kleinmann, 2012: 281).…”

Section: Socialización Y Radicalización Políticaunclassified

“…Finalmente, a nivel microsocial o individual se encuentran los factores psicosociales racionales, emocionales y normativos, tendientes a la radicalización política ( Jordán, 2009: 201), los cuales sintetizan los niveles anteriores y han sido abordados por distintas investigaciones (Moyano, 2010;Botha, 2014;Veldhuis y Staun, 2009;McCauley y Moskalenko, 2017;Aly et al 2016;Kleinmann, 2012;Horgan, 2005). Los aspectos racionales se entienden como las decisiones resultantes de un cálculo costo-beneficio y en correspondencia con una determinada estrategia.…”

Section: Socialización Y Radicalización Políticaunclassified

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Socialización y radicalización política en militantes del Partido Comunista del Perú–Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL)

Malvaceda-Espinoza

Herrero

Correa

2018

conrec

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Este artículo analiza el proceso de socialización y radicalización política en militantes del Partido Comunista del Perú-Sendero Luminoso, quienes participaron del conflicto armado interno en Perú en los años de 1980 a 2000. Así, mediante un diseño fenomenológico, se les realiza 16 entrevistas en profundidad, a las cuales se les efectúa un análisis de contenido con el soporte del software especializado Atlas.ti 7.5. Los resultados permiten identificar niveles de socialización macro, meso e individuales. Del mismo modo, se detectaron factores causales y circunstancias catalizadoras que influyen y desencadenan la radicalización. Se concluye que no existen causales directos, sino una escalada extremista que cruza por distintos niveles de socialización, con énfasis en los niveles meso e individual, y que expuesta a circunstancias catalizadoras sea por vía racional o emotiva conduce a la radicalización política.

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Section: Socialización Y Radicalización Políticaunclassified

Socialización y radicalización política en militantes del Partido Comunista del Perú–Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL)

Malvaceda-Espinoza

Herrero

Correa

2018

conrec

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“…However, a number of studies of Islamist extremists radicalized in the West suggest that identity formation, alienation, and individual and group‐level psychology may be more important than ideology in explaining their turn to violence. A 2012 study of Sunni terrorists radicalized in the United States found that “some radicals were clinically diagnosed with mental health disorders, many had histories of abuse and neglect resulting in significant self‐esteem and identity issues” (Kleinmann, , p. 286). But group‐level processes seemed to be even more important than individual psychology.…”

Section: Literature Review – Hypotheses Regarding the Process Of Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

X: A Case Study of a Swedish Neo‐Nazi and His Reintegration into Swedish Society

Stern

2014

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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This article provides a case study of a Swedish neo-Nazi and the reintegration program being provided to him. During an extensive interview that took place over two days, he told a researcher that he was interested in having a violent adventure, and that he was drawn to Nazi symbols and history more than their creed. In comparison with ordinary crime, terrorist crime is quite rare, and access to detailed case studies is rarer still, making the development of a prospective risk-assessment instrument extremely difficult. Researchers' "thick descriptions" of their encounters with terrorists can help us to develop putative risk factors which can then be tested against controls. The article concludes by arguing that just as there is no single pathway into or out of terrorism, there can be no single reintegration program. A series of thick descriptions is a first step toward understanding what leads individuals into and out of terrorism.

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“…It is a mix of different factors that make some people eventually turn to violent terrorism and Doosje et al (2016) also refer to these factors as micro (individual), meso (group) and macro (society) level factors. Kleinmann (2012) notes that these 3 levels actually cover most of the determinants suggested by the theoretical models described above. Hence, an all-encompassing conceptual framework of terrorism should cover all 3 levels.…”

Section: Literature On Terrorist Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People can be introduced to a terrorist group by an active recruiter (top-down socialisation) or by friends or family members who already joined the group (horizontal socialisation). In a study on the difference in radicalisation processes between converted and non-converted Sunni Islamists in the US, Kleinmann (2012) also makes note of the importance of this group-level motivation. In 90% of the cases (and even 94% for non-converts) the group-level process was a necessary factor.…”

Section: Literature On Terrorist Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospect theory perspective on terrorism

Bois

2017

IJBSR

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This paper presents a new approach to the study of terrorist behaviour and argues that a framework based on Prospect Theory can provide novel insights on the understanding of the terrorist mind-set. Such a framework allows different pathways to become a terrorist and although individual decisions are studied, the model also takes into account environmental factors. By changing these environmental factors and/or framing the choice differently, PT also shows how the terrorist group and/or a charismatic leader can influence the individual's whether or not to turn to terrorism. Having a clear conceptual framework is a first crucial step towards comprehension and in the case of terrorism, towards detection and/or prevention. In this way, the PT framework can also contribute significantly to counter-terrorism policy and can guide the budgetary means in efficient way. INTRODUCTIONThe events of 9/11, the bombings in Madrid and London and more recently, the attacks in Paris, Nice, Brussels, Berlin and Quebec make it painfully clear that terrorism is no longer a remote event for the Western world. Hence, also the number of academic papers studying the concept has snowballed the last decade trying to understand the phenomenon. In order to effectively reduce terrorism and to efficiently use our limited budgetary means it is indeed crucial to comprehend the terrorist's reasoning. As Hoffman (2002, p. 306) notes "knowing your enemy is a cardinal rule in warfare". Will we increase the probability of detection and interception by increasing the budget for internal security or will we invest more in de-radicalization programs? In order to optimize our counterterrorism policy and to allocate our resources efficiently, we need a clear conceptual framework. Literature on terrorism abounds with different models suggesting different causes and determinants. The purpose of this paper is not just to add to this list but rather to present a unifying framework.

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Radicalization of Homegrown Sunni Militants in the United States: Comparing Converts and Non-Converts

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Socialización y radicalización política en militantes del Partido Comunista del Perú–Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL)

Socialización y radicalización política en militantes del Partido Comunista del Perú–Sendero Luminoso (PCP-SL)

X: A Case Study of a Swedish Neo‐Nazi and His Reintegration into Swedish Society

A prospect theory perspective on terrorism

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