Radio acoustic measurement of temperature profile in the troposphere and stratosphere

Matuura, N.; Masuda, Y.; Inuki, H.; Katō, Susumu; Fukao, S.; Sato, Toru; Tsuda, Toshitaka

doi:10.1038/323426a0

Cited by 87 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The development of this technique was greatly stimulated by the success in 1986 in obtaining temperature pro®les up to 20 km using the MU radar. Figure 11 from Matuura et al (1986) shows excellent agreement between RASS temperature pro®les up to 21 km under light winds and radiosonde temperature pro®les from a station about 160 km south.…”

Section: Extensions Of the Techniquementioning

confidence: 86%

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A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Zandt¹

2000

Annales Geophysicae

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Abstract. The history of the development of the windpro®ling or MST radar technique is reviewed from its inception in the late 1960s to the present. Extensions of the technique by the development of boundary-layer radars and the radio-acoustic sounding system (RASS) technique to measure temperature are documented. Applications are described brie¯y, particularly practical applications to weather forecasting, with data from networks of radars, and scienti®c applications to the study of rapidly varying atmospheric phenomena such as gravity waves and turbulence.

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Section: Extensions Of the Techniquementioning

confidence: 86%

“…These pro®les were used to infer frequent pro®les of the Brunt-VaÈ isaÈ laÈ frequency and the Richardson number. The MU results lead directly to the application of RASS to research radars and to the addition of RASS to some of the NPN operational radars (May et al, 1990;Chadwick and Ackley, 1997), as shown in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Extensions Of the Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Zandt¹

2000

Annales Geophysicae

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“…In a study spanning several decades, Angell and Korshover (1983) determined global temperature means at several altitudes in the range 1-20 km. Temperatures at similar altitudes have also been derived using mesospherestratosphere-troposphere (MST) radars (Matuura et al, 1986;Revathy et al, 1996) and atmospheric lidars (Chanin and Hauchecorne, 1981;Keckhut et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Thermalized rotational distributions of neutral and ionized N2 and O2 have long been used to determine neutral temperatures (Tn) during auroral conditions. In both bright E-region (≲150 km) auroras, and in higher-altitude auroras, spectral distributions of molecular emissions employed to determine Tn in the E-region cannot likewise be used to obtain Tn in the F-region. Nevertheless, charge-exchange reactions between high-altitude (≳130 km) species provide an exception to this situation. In particular, the charge-exchange reaction O+(2D) + N2(X) → N+2(A2Πu, ν' = 1 + O(3P) yields thermalized N2+ Meinel (1,0) emissions, which, albeit weak, can be used to derive neutral temperatures at altitudes of ~130 km and higher. In this work, we present N2+ Meinel (1,0) rotational temperatures and brightnesses obtained at Svalbard, Norway, during various auroral conditions. We calculate Tn at thermospheric altitudes of 130–180 km from thermalized rotational populations of N2+ Meinel (1,0); these emissions are excited by soft electron (≲1 keV) impact and charge-exchange reactions. We model the contributions of the respective excitation mechanisms, and compare derived brightnesses to observations. The agreement between the two is good. Emission heights obtained from optical data, modeling, and ISR data are consistent. Obtaining thermospheric Tn from charge-exchange excited N2+ Meinel (1,0) emissions provides an additional means of remotely sensing the neutral atmosphere, although certain limiting conditions are necessary. These include precipitation of low-energy electrons, and a non-sunlit emitting layer.

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“…The range coverage is limited in height if no advanced and expensive techniques, such as the beam ray tracing, is implemented to track the acoustic wave advected by the horizontal wind (Matuura et al, 1986). Both theoretical studies and practical observations, using the 45 MHz radar at CNRM/Toulouse, have already shown that the probability to get RASS echoes sharply decreases above 6 km height (Klaus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Range Coverage With Rassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature retrieval with VHF radar using combined techniques

Klaus¹

2008

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the practical contribution of a VHF radar to high time resolution automatic temperature profiling both for research and operational applications in the frame of an integrated system of ground-based remote-sensing instruments. Based on the most prominent results already mentioned about this instrumentation, different techniques, related to the temperature data retrieval, are experimentally tested and documented using the INSU/Meteo 45 MHz wind profiler operating at CNRM/Toulouse or during cooperative campaigns. In parallel to the self-sufficient Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS), other approaches, using the Brunt-Vaisala frequency measurements, allow an extension of height coverage up to the higher troposphere and the tropopause. As only temperature gradients can be measured by this way, complementary data from other instruments are desirable. This makes it particularly fitted to an integrated remote-sensing system operating from the ground combining wind profilers with GPS, radiometers, lidar ceilometers and sodars.

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Radio acoustic measurement of temperature profile in the troposphere and stratosphere

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions

Temperature retrieval with VHF radar using combined techniques

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Radio acoustic measurement of temperature profile in the troposphere and stratosphere

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

A brief history of the development of wind-profiling or MST radars

Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions

Temperature retrieval with VHF radar using combined techniques

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Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions