Radio-Frequency/Microwave Gas Sensors Using Conducting Polymer

Jang, Chorom; Park, Jin Kwan; Yun, Gi-Ho; Choi, Hyang Hee; Lee, Hee Jo; Yook, Jong Gwan

doi:10.3390/ma13122859

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…PANI is a singular conducting polymer compound with unique electrical and optical properties [ 10 ] and has the advantages of simple synthesis, environmental stability, affordability and flexible control of electrical features with charge-transfer doping and protonation [ 10 , 12 , 13 ]. Owing to its extraordinary properties, this compound can be used in various fields, such as electrochromic glasses [ 14 ], solar cells [ 15 ], electroluminescent machines [ 10 ], sensors [ 16 ], biosensors [ 17 ], supercapacitors [ 18 ], neural prosthesis/biotic–abiotic interfaces [ 10 ], scaffolding [ 19 ], delivery systems [ 20 ], anti-corrosion materials [ 21 ], membrane gas separation [ 8 ] and solar cells [ 22 ]. During the polymerization of aniline monomer, PANI transforms into one of the three states of normalized oxidation: (a) leucoemeraldine (white/clear), (b) pernigraniline (blue/violet) and (c) emeraldine (salt- green/base-blue).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Synthesized by Different Dopants for Fluorene Detection via Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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The effects of different dopants on the synthesis, optical, electrical and thermal features of polyaniline were investigated. Polyaniline (PANI) doped with p-toluene sulfonic acid (PANI-PTSA), camphor sulphonic acid (PANI-CSA), acetic acid (PANI-acetic acid) and hydrochloric acid (PANI-HCl) was synthesized through the oxidative chemical polymerization of aniline under acidic conditions at ambient temperature. Fourier transform infrared light, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrical analysis were used to define physical and structural features, bandgap values, electrical conductivity and type and degree of doping, respectively. Tauc calculation reveals the optical band gaps of PANI-PTSA, PANI-CSA, PANI-acetic acid and PANI-HCl at 3.1, 3.5, 3.6 and 3.9 eV, respectively. With the increase in dopant size, crystallinity is reduced, and interchain separations and d-spacing are strengthened. The estimated conductivity values of PANI-PTSA, PANI-CSA, PANI-acetic acid and PANI-HCl are 3.84 × 101, 2.92 × 101, 2.50 × 10−2, and 2.44 × 10−2 S·cm−1, respectively. Particularly, PANI-PTSA shows high PL intensity because of its orderly arranged benzenoid and quinoid units. Owing to its excellent synthesis, low bandgap, high photoluminescence intensity and high electrical features, PANI-PTSA is a suitable candidate to improve PANI properties and electron provider for fluorene-detecting sensors with a linear range of 0.001–10 μM and detection limit of 0.26 nM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Synthesized by Different Dopants for Fluorene Detection via Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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“…Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PE-DOT:PSS), an organic conducting polymer, is a promising material because of its outstanding properties, such as high conductivity, low price, room temperature operation, low redox potential and good processability [1], [2]. For these reasons, most previous studies used PEDOT:PSS as a sensing material for gas [3] and humidity [4] sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Relative Humidity Monitoring Sensor Based on Microwave Active Resonator With PEDOT:PSS

et al. 2020

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In this paper, a relative humidity monitoring sensor based on an active resonator with PEDOT:PSS is studied in the microwave regime. The proposed active resonator is patterned on a printed circuit board and excited by electromagnetic field coupling. The active resonator consists of two parts: a passive core resonator and an active circuit. The passive core resonator senses the humidity via the PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer film, which is located in the area of the passive core resonator with the strongest electric field. The active circuit compensates for the loss of the passive core resonator to enhance the quality factor and thus improve the sensitivity of the relative humidity sensor. By combining the passive core resonator with the active circuit, the active resonator exhibits a high quality factor (2887), which is 90 times that of the passive core resonator alone. Moreover, the sensitivity of the proposed humidity sensor is improved when using the active resonator. To verify the performance of the proposed humidity sensor, a commercial sensor is placed alongside the proposed sensor in a well-controlled environment chamber. According to the experimental results, as the relative humidity increases, the transmission coefficient (S 21 ) increases, while the resonance frequency decreases. As a result, the sensor exhibits an increase in S 21 of 3.58 dB and a decrease in the resonance frequency of 8.85 MHz when the relative humidity changes from 30% to 85%.

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“…There are some hurdles that need to be addressed in the application of MW. First, electromagnetic interference is a serious problem that can cause electrical equipment to fail, affecting lives ( Jang et al, 2020 ), and is also recognized as the fourth largest public nuisance after air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution ( Saini et al, 2009 ; Green and Chen, 2019 ). Fortunately, an increasing number of researchers have devoted themselves to the field of MW absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding and have achieved many excellent research results ( Quan et al, 2017 ; Wang L. et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Prospects and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwaves, a potential treatment for bacteria: A review

Zhang

Wang²,

Hu³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Bacteria have brought great harm to the public, especially after the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. This has rendered traditional antibiotic therapy ineffective. In recent years, hyperthermia has offered new treatments to remove bacteria. Microwaves (MW) are a component of the electromagnetic spectrum and can rapidly heat materials. Taking advantage of this characteristic of MW, related studies have shown that both thermal and non-thermal effects of MW can inactivate various bacteria. Even though the understanding of MW in the field of bacteria is not sufficient for widespread use at present, MW has performed well in dealing with microorganisms and controlling infection. This review will focus on the application of MW in bacteria and discuss the advantages, prospects and challenges of using MW in the bacterial field.

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Radio-Frequency/Microwave Gas Sensors Using Conducting Polymer

Cited by 31 publications

References 90 publications

Polyaniline Synthesized by Different Dopants for Fluorene Detection via Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Polyaniline Synthesized by Different Dopants for Fluorene Detection via Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Sensitive Relative Humidity Monitoring Sensor Based on Microwave Active Resonator With PEDOT:PSS

Microwaves, a potential treatment for bacteria: A review

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