Cancer is a major public health problem
being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality today. Recent
advances in catalytic nanomedicine have offered new cancer therapies
based on the administration of nanoparticles (NPs) of platinum (Pt)
dispersed in catalytic mesoporous nanomaterials (titania, TiO
2
) with highly selective cytotoxic properties and no adverse
effects. A half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50
)
study was carried out in cancerous cell lines (HeLa, DU-145, and fibroblasts)
to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different nanomaterials [Pt/TiO
2
, TiO
2
, and Pt(acac)
2
] synthesized by
the sol–gel method at concentrations 0–1000 μg/mL.
The assays showed that IC
50
values for Pt in functionalized
TiO
2
(NPt) in HeLa (53.74 ± 2.95 μg/mL) and
DU-145 (75.07 ± 5.48 μg/mL) were lower than those of pure
TiO
2
(74.29 ± 8.95 and 82.02 ± 6.03 μg/mL,
respectively). Pt(acac)
2
exhibited no cytotoxicity. Normal
cells (fibroblasts) treated with NPt exhibited no significant growth
inhibition, suggesting the high selectivity of the compound for cancerous
cells only. TiO
2
and NPt were identified as antineoplastic
compounds
in vitro
. Pt(acac)
2
is not recommendable
because of the low cytotoxicity observed.