Radioactive Demonstrations of Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) with Hanford Low Activity Wastes

Mineral assemblage transformation of a metakaolin-based waste form after geopolymer encapsulation

“…EDS are similar to those of the previously mentioned surface scans but have a higher abundance of metals and other analytes of interest such as Ti, Fe, Pb, Cr Ni, I, and Cl. The metals exist as separate phases from the primary NAS mineral, most likely as spinels, created from the iron oxide added to encapsulate these metals [44]. In the SEM/EDS elemental mapping ( Figure 6) there is a strong correlation between the presence of Na, Al, and Si while Fe is generally excluded from these areas.…”

“…For the P1B granular FBSR product and the BSR granular product, geopolymers were made by mixing the granular product and Class F fly ash with a 65% dry basis waste loading based on the mass of the granular product [43,44]. The granular product and Class F fly ash were combined in the mixing bowl of a planetary mixer and this was followed by the addition of a sodium silicate solution (44.1 wt% Na 2 O•SiO 2 ).…”

Technetium Immobilization Forms Literature Survey

“…At the Hanford Site, the FBSR process was evaluated both as a supplemental technology for treating and immobilizing Hanford LAW radioactive tank waste and for treating secondary wastes from the WTP pretreatment and LAW vitrification processes. The process has been demonstrated at a pilot scale with nonradioactive simulants of Hanford Envelope C (AN-107) (Jantzen 2002;Pareizs et al 2005), and Envelope A (saltcake) tank wastes (Olson et al 2004;TTT 2009), and with a simulant of the LAW melter off-gas recycle (Jantzen et al 2011). It has also been demonstrated with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) sodium-bearing waste to produce an alkali-aluminosilicate waste form (Ryan et al 2008).…”

Radioactive Demonstration Of Mineralized Waste Forms Made From Hanford Low Activity Waste (Tank SX-105, Tank AN-103, And AZ-101/102) By Fluidized Bed Steam Reformation (FBSR)

“…It has been noted in earlier studies [40,41,50] that the IOC acts to form the FeCr 2 O 4 Chromite spinels, which keep the chromium in an oxidation state of +3 which is much less soluble than +6 chromium. The chromium was expected to be in the oxidized +6 state and leachable for the ferric nitrate campaign and it was.…”