Radioactive point source localization in a bulky volume

A feasibility study of gamma ray source finder development for multiple sources scenario based on a Monte Carlo simulation

“…Developing an instrument to exert precise, fast, and user-friendly method to find multiple orphan gamma-ray sources can help to overcome the mentioned consequences and risks. Until now, several methods and instruments in order to find orphan gamma-ray sources have been proposed and designed [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Some of these designed systems are based on a gamma-ray detector (usually a scintillation detector) and a collimator (high-Z material, e.g., tungsten (W), lead (Pb), and so on) 9,11,13 .…”

“…In addition to these, such designed system can only locate one orphan γ -ray source at a time. There are other different designs for gamma finders, which usually based on two, three or more scintillation detectors, which equipped with special and unique methods and until now, they have reached their highest level of development approximately [5][6][7][8]10,12,14,15 . Since gamma-ray scintillation detectors are so common, and most of them are affordable, the employed gamma-ray detector is mostly a scintillation detector such as NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), BGO, LaBr 3 (Ce) and so on.…”

“…But still, the proposed methods cannot find multiple orphan gamma-ray sources in 3D and each of them has its own restrictions. Conventional proposed methods in instruments are mostly based on total recorded gamma-ray counts [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Therefore, they cannot be able to deploy in the multiple orphan gamma-ray sources scenario.…”

“…Then, the system moves horizontally by step d along the angular position, and the total count of the desired ROI will be recorded again (c 2 ). Thereupon, position of orphan gamma-ray source, will be calculated by (1) 10,17 .…”

In-situ characterisation of a buried 137Cs source in the frame of nuclear forensics

“…These investigations could be distinguished, according to the detection systems used: a single system, such as a stacking of several layers of CdTe detectors [6], a Prototype Compton Imager [7] and gamma-ray spectroscopy with a HPGe or NaI detector; multiple gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors surrounding the object [8,9]; and, imaging systems [10,11]. These studies have tackled the case of point source, while its radioactivity has been determined only in the case of several detectors approaching the object from different sides.…”