Radioactive Waste Management

Tsoulfanidis, Nicholas; Cochran, R. G.

doi:10.13182/nt91-a34525

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The safe short and long term storage of nuclear wastes of civil (both working and spent nuclear plants are involved) and military origin still represents a challenging multidisciplinary scientific problem, that has relevant social, economical and political issues, [33][34][35][36][37][38] needing scientific competencies in physics, chemistry, materials science, engineering and geology to be faced. During the past half-century, the nuclear fuel cycle has generated more than 1500 metric tons of plutonium and substantial quantities of the "minor" actinides, such as Np, Am, and Cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural determination of a highly stable metal-organic framework with possible application to interim radioactive waste scavenging: Hf-UiO-66

et al. 2012

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High resolution synchrotron radiation x-ray powder diffraction (HR-XRPD) combined with Hf L3edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) allowed to determine the structure of Hf-UiO-66 metal-organic framework (MOF) showing that it is iso-reticular to Zr-UiO-66 MOF [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 13850 (2008)]. Thermal gravimetric measurements (coupled with mass spectroscopy) and temperature dependent synchrotron radiation XRPD proved the high thermal stability of the new MOF. The Langmuir surface area (849 m 2 /g) combined with the high stability of the UiO-66 framework and with the high neutron absorption cross section of Hf suggest that among all microporous crystalline materials the new Hf-UiO-66 MOF possesses the physical and chemical requirements for the interim storage of radioactive waste in a much safer way than is currently available. The first results proving the synthesis of a MOF material with UiO-66 topology realized by B-containing linker are also reported, allowing a further improvement of the neutron shielding power of these class of materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural determination of a highly stable metal-organic framework with possible application to interim radioactive waste scavenging: Hf-UiO-66

et al. 2012

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“…Suitable management of radioactive waste from spent nuclear fuel 1,2 represents an internationally acknowledged challenging topic. In particular, waste streams containing volatile radionuclides ( 129 I, 3 H, 14 CO 2 , 85 Kr) raise specific handling issues.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Confinement into Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Low-Temperature Sintering Glasses To Form Novel Glass Composite Material (GCM) Alternative Waste Forms

Sava

Garino

Nenoff

2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

175

115

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The safe handling of reprocessed fuel addresses several scientific goals, especially when considering the capture and long-term storage of volatile radionuclides that are necessary during this process. Despite not being a major component of the off-gas, radioiodine (I2) is particularly challenging, because it is a highly mobile gas and 129I is a long-lived radionuclide (1.57 × 107 years). Therefore, its capture and sequestration is of great interest on a societal level. Herein, we explore novel routes toward the effective capture and storage of iodine. In particular, we report on the novel use of a new class of porous solid-state functional materials (metal–organic frameworks, MOFs), as high-capacity adsorbents of molecular iodine. We further describe the formation of novel glass-composite material (GCM) waste forms from the mixing and sintering of the I2-containing MOFs with Bi–Zn–O low-temperature sintering glasses and silver metal flakes. Our findings indicate that, upon sintering, a uniform monolith is formed, with no evidence of iodine loss; iodine is sequestered during the heating process by the in situ formation of AgI. Detailed materials characterization analysis is presented for the GCMs. This includes powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), and chemical durability tests including aqueous leach studies (product consistency test (PCT)), with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) of the PCT leachate.

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“…HLW and LLW represent the two most important types of nuclear waste. More than 99% of the total radioactivity in nuclear waste is contained in HLW, 1 while, in terms of volume, LLW takes up the biggest share (about 85% of the entire nuclear waste generated). Materials issues are important during the entire process of nuclear-waste management-performance of the materials used in nuclear waste management determines its safety/hazards.…”

Section: Materials Issues In Nuclear-waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials issues in nuclear-waste management

Yim

Murty

2000

JOM

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In this article, materials issues in the management of nuclear waste, including its generation, processing, storage, transport, and disposal, are examined for low-level and highlevel waste, with an emphasis on the aspects of their immobilization and long-term isolation. Selecting materials for low-level and high-level waste form and containers is reviewed, and the long-term performance issues with these materials as barriers to nuclide migration or release are discussed.

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Radioactive Waste Management

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Structural determination of a highly stable metal-organic framework with possible application to interim radioactive waste scavenging: Hf-UiO-66

Structural determination of a highly stable metal-organic framework with possible application to interim radioactive waste scavenging: Hf-UiO-66

Iodine Confinement into Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Low-Temperature Sintering Glasses To Form Novel Glass Composite Material (GCM) Alternative Waste Forms

Materials issues in nuclear-waste management

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