Radioactivity, Geochemistry, and Health

Siegel, Morris; Bryan, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00906-2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 450 publications

(558 reference statements)

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“…The water-soluble fraction of Sr was higher than that of other trace metals except Mn in all soils. Although Sr can be released from the weathering of sulfate minerals and ion-exchange reactions with clay minerals (Siegel and Bryan 2014 ), aeolian dust input can be a major Sr source in arid regions (Coble et al 2015 ). The Mo content in the control soil was less than the EILs (40 mg/kg) but nearly 10 times higher than the EILs in the PHC-contaminated soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soils: implications to risk-based management

Bahar,

Samarasinghe,

Bekele

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination is a widespread and severe environmental issue affecting many countries’ resource sectors. PHCs are mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds with varying molar masses that naturally attenuate at different rates. Lighter fractions attenuate first, followed by medium-molar-mass constituents, while larger molecules remain for longer periods. This results in significant regulatory challenges concerning residual hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soils. This study examined the potential risks associated with residual PHC and its implications for risk-based management of heavily contaminated soils (23,000–26,000 mg PHC/kg). Ecotoxicological properties, such as seedling emergence and growth of two native plant species—small Flinders grass (Iseilema membranaceum) and ruby saltbush (Enchylaena tomentosa)—and earthworm survival tests in PHC-contaminated soils, were assessed. Additionally, the effects of aging on the attenuation of PHC in contaminated soils were evaluated. Toxicity responses of plant growth parameters were determined as no-observed-effect concentrations: 75%–100% for seedling emergence, < 25%–75% for plant shoot height, and 75%–100% for earthworm survival. After 42 weeks of aging, the total PHC levels in weathered soils decreased by 14% to 30% and by 67% in diesel-spiked soil due to natural attenuation. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soils increased during the initial aging period. Furthermore, a clear shift of bacterial communities was observed in the soils following aging, including enrichment of PHC-resistant and -utilizing bacteria—for example, Nocardia sp. This study underscores the potential of natural attenuation for eco-friendly and cost-effective soil management, underlining that its success depends on site-specific factors like water content and nutrient availability. Therefore, we recommend detailed soil assessments to evaluate these conditions prior to adopting a risk-based management approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soils: implications to risk-based management

Bahar,

Samarasinghe,

Bekele

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Going on, the content of 226 Ra in aquifers is not only related to the abundance of its parent radionuclides [ 22 ], but also it is controlled by sorption, desorption, and ion exchange processes [ 23 ]. In particular, factors related to geology and climate that affect the acidity, redox potential, degree of mineralization, and composition of groundwater, as well as their potential residence time, can also affect sorption and, thereby, the distribution pattern of Ra-isotopes [ 23 ]. Moreover, it is worth noting is that the investigated area falls within the Aspromonte Massifs, a geological segment of the Calabrian Arc, which consists of a series of Palaeozoic plutonic–metamorphic nappes, locally overlain by a Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary cover.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Radiological Health Risk Due to the 226Ra Content in Drinking Water from the Calabria Region, Southern Italy

Caridi

Paladini

Spoto

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In this article, the authors report experimental results obtained for the assessment of the 226Ra content in 80 drinking water samples from the Calabria region, Southern Italy. The activity concentration, measured with the Perkin Elmer Tricarb 4910 TR Liquid Scintillation Counter (LSC) setup, was compared with the reference values reported in the Italian Legislative Decree 28/2016 in order to evaluate any possible radiological health hazards for the population in terms of 226Ra content due to the ingestion of the investigated drinking water. The obtained results put in evidence that the average 226Ra specific activity is lower than the LSC minimum detectable activity (MDA) in all cases, thus, excluding any radiological risk. They also represent the main reference for the investigated area and can be used as a baseline to extend this investigation to the whole region.

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“…Upon release to the environment, they may pose a severe threat. Their fate, behavior, and activity (emission of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation) are mainly controlled by their chemistry and the nature of their host environment (Siegel & Bryan, 2014).…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (Norms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review

Adeola

Iwuozor

Akpomie

et al. 2022

Environ Geochem Health

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Several anthropogenic activities produce radioactive materials into the environment. According to reports, exposure to high concentrations of radioactive elements such as potassium ( 40 K), uranium ( 238 U and 235 U), and thorium ( 232 Th) poses serious health concerns. The scarcity of reviews addressing the occurrence/sources, distribution, and remedial solutions of radioactive contamination in the ecosystems has fueled data collection for this bibliometric survey. In rivers and potable water, reports show that several parts of Europe and Asia have recorded radionuclide concentrations much higher than the permissible level of 1 Bq/L. According to various investigations, activity concentrations of gamma-emitting radioactive elements discovered in soils are higher than the global average crustal values, especially around mining activities. Adsorption technique is the most prevalent remedial method for decontaminating radiochemically polluted sites. However, there is a need to investigate integrated approaches/combination techniques. Although complete radionuclide decontamination utilizing the various technologies is feasible, future research should focus on cost-effectiveness, waste minimization, sustainability, and rapid radionuclide decontamination. Radioactive materials can be harnessed as fuel for nuclear power generation to meet worldwide energy demand. However, proper infrastructure must be put in place to prevent catastrophic disasters.

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Radioactivity, Geochemistry, and Health

Cited by 10 publications

References 450 publications

Residual hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soils: implications to risk-based management

Residual hydrocarbons in long-term contaminated soils: implications to risk-based management

Assessment of the Radiological Health Risk Due to the 226Ra Content in Drinking Water from the Calabria Region, Southern Italy

Advances in the management of radioactive wastes and radionuclide contamination in environmental compartments: a review

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