Radioactivity of fission product and heavy nuclides deposited on soil in Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Yamamoto, Toru

doi:10.1080/00223131.2012.740355

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…nuclide that may be released upon detonation of a nuclear weapon, and is therefore a "CTBT-relevant radionuclide." 106 Ru had not been detected in the global atmosphere since the Chernobyl accident (11) [estimated release <73 PBq (12)], not even after the Fukushima accident on the Japanese territory (13,14), because of the different accident and release characteristics. As a result, there is no usual background or reference level, which could be used to define an increasing factor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017

Masson

Steinhäuser

Zok

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In October 2017, most European countries reported unique atmospheric detections of aerosol-bound radioruthenium (106Ru). The range of concentrations varied from some tenths of µBq·m−3 to more than 150 mBq·m−3. The widespread detection at such considerable (yet innocuous) levels suggested a considerable release. To compare activity reports of airborne 106Ru with different sampling periods, concentrations were reconstructed based on the most probable plume presence duration at each location. Based on airborne concentration spreading and chemical considerations, it is possible to assume that the release occurred in the Southern Urals region (Russian Federation). The 106Ru age was estimated to be about 2 years. It exhibited highly soluble and less soluble fractions in aqueous media, high radiopurity (lack of concomitant radionuclides), and volatility between 700 and 1,000 °C, thus suggesting a release at an advanced stage in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel. The amount and isotopic characteristics of the radioruthenium release may indicate a context with the production of a large 144Ce source for a neutrino experiment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017

Masson

Steinhäuser

Zok

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In not a single study long-lived 99g Tc was detected or investigated. The activity ratio of 99m Tc to 137 Cs in soil from the Fukushima NPP site was reported to be 0.227 at one site and 0.417 on another site (decay-corrected to shutdown), which appears relatively high . In any case, the decay characteristics of the 99m Tc corresponded more to the decay of its mother 99 Mo, which indicates that primarily 99 Mo (not 99m Tc itself) was released, followed by ingrowth of 99m Tc into its secular equilibrium.…”

Section: Technetium-99mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For a short discussion of the "orphan" radionuclides 103 Ru and 106 Ru as well as 36 Cl, the reader is referred to the SI. 37,98,106 In summary, the above examples illustrate the variety of scientific challenges, the multitude of target nuclides that call for monitoring and further investigation. Unfortunately, some for some radionuclides, important information can no longer be gathered because of the radionuclides' relatively short half-lives, for example, the radioxenon isotopes 131m Xe, 133m Xe, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe, as well as 103 Ru, 35 S or 89 Sr.…”

Section: ■ Actinidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Steinhäuser

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

189

109

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In environmental monitoring campaigns for anthropogenic radionuclides released in the course of the Fukushima nuclear accident (2011), most focus had been on gamma-emitting radionuclides. More than 99% of the released activity was due to radionuclides of the elements Kr, Te, I, Xe, and Cs. However, little work had been done on the monitoring of radionuclides other than (131)I, (132)Te, (134)Cs, (136)Cs, and (137)Cs. Radionuclides such as those of less volatile elements (e.g., (89)Sr, (90)Sr, (103)Ru, (106)Ru, plutonium), pure beta-emitters ((3)H, (14)C, (35)S), gaseous radionuclides ((85)Kr, (133)Xe, (135)Xe) or radionuclides with very long half-lives (e.g., (36)Cl, (99)Tc, (129)I, some actinides such as (236)U) have been understudied by comparison. In this review, we summarize previous monitoring work on these "orphan" radionuclides in various environmental media and outline further challenges for future monitoring campaigns. Some of the understudied radionuclides are of radiological concern, others are promising tracers for environmental, geochemical processes such as oceanic mixing. Unfortunately, the shorter-lived nuclides of radioxenon, (103)Ru, (89)Sr and (35)S will no longer exhibit detectable activities in the environment. Activity concentrations of other radionuclides such as tritium, (14)C, or (85)Kr will become blurred in the significant background of previous releases (nuclear explosions and previous accidents). Isotope ratios such as (240)Pu/(239)Pu will allow for the identification of Fukushima plutonium despite the plutonium background.

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“…However, monitoring of nuclear radiation is essential when conducting surveys of the surrounding seawaters and seafood products. The typical radioactive fission product nuclides and heavy nuclides include Sr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Ag, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, U, Pu, Am, and Cm, which should be focused [ 121 ]. The oil spill also has a significant impact on the marine environment, which damages regional ecosystems and the environment on all fronts [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Section: Essential Ocean Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications

Sun

Cui

Chen

2021

Sensors

119

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As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.

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Radioactivity of fission product and heavy nuclides deposited on soil in Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017

Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared major nuclear release in 2017

Fukushima’s Forgotten Radionuclides: A Review of the Understudied Radioactive Emissions

Review of Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications

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