Radioadaptation and radioresistance during deep space travels

Fornalski, Krzysztof W.

doi:10.1016/j.jsse.2022.04.001

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Such a narrow branch, with the probability functions included within it, can therefore be written in an analytical form, creating de facto a new (secondary) deterministic model, which is, in fact, an independent fragment of the main model. So far, five such secondary deterministic models have been developed, 36 – 38 , 54 , 59 but more are in preparation. This means that the presented approach is broad and universal which enables a relatively accurate biophysical description of various aspects of irradiated cells within natural model limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where {µ} are empirical constants analogical to {α} but related to the dose-rate. For practical purposes, it is easier to use the repair effectiveness, R = 1exp(-P C ), 59 which can be directly related to epidemiological studies of individuals exposed to elevated values of constant dose-rates.…”

Section: Constant High Background Radiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57,58 However, the presented theoretical approach given by equation (1) is related to the single-dose pulse ( D ) while HBRA corresponds to the constant dose-rate (D˙) irradiation with continuous (not discrete) time ( k → t ). The only way to modify this approach is to sum all individual adaptive response signals given by equation (1) which results in sigmoidal (namely, saturated for long time) probability function of 59 where { µ } are empirical constants analogical to { α } but related to the dose-rate. For practical purposes, it is easier to use the repair effectiveness, R = 1 – exp(-P C ) , 59 which can be directly related to epidemiological studies of individuals exposed to elevated values of constant dose-rates.…”

Section: Deterministic Modeling Of Irradiated Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches

et al. 2022

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This review article describes our simplified biophysical model for the response of a group of cells to ionizing radiation. The model, which is a product of 10 years of studies, acts as (a) a comprehensive stochastic approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation with a probability tree and (b) the thereof derived detailed deterministic models describing the selected biophysical and radiobiological phenomena in an analytical manner. Specifically, the presented model describes effects such as the risk of neoplastic transformation of cells relative to the absorbed radiation dose, the dynamics of tumor development, the priming dose effect (also called the Raper–Yonezawa effect) based on the introduced adaptive response approach, and the bystander effect. The model is also modifiable depending on users’ potential needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constant High Background Radiation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deterministic Modeling Of Irradiated Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches

et al. 2022

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“…In addition to LNT and hormesis, some possible models in the low-dose range (supra-linear, linear-quadratic, threshold, sigmoidal threshold, and hyper-radiosensitivity) have been proposed [52,56]. Biological findings and mathematical models at the molecular-cellular level have been studied to unravel the mysteries of low-dose exposure [32,[43][44][45][46][47][48][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68], and we have previously proposed a linear-hormesis coupling theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculations of the Radiation Dose for the Maximum Hormesis Effect

Kino

2024

Radiation

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To date, the radiation-adaptive response has been reported as a low-dose-related phenomenon and has been associated with radiation hormesis. Well-known cancers are caused by non-radiation active reactants, in addition to radiation. A model of suppression for radiation-specific cancers was previously reported, but the model did not target radiation-nonspecific cancers. In this paper, we describe kinetic models of radiation-induced suppressors for general radiation non-specific cancers, estimating the dose M that induces the maximum hormesis effect while satisfying the condition that the risk is approximately proportional to a dose above NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level). The radiation hormesis effect is maximal when the rate constant for generation of a risk-reducing factor is the same as the rate constant for its decomposition. When the two rate constants are different, the dose M at which the radiation hormesis effect is maximized depends on both rate constants, but the dose M increases as the two rate constants approach each other, reaching a maximum dose. The theory proposed in this paper can only explain existing experiments with extremely short error bar lengths. This theory may lead to the discovery of unknown risk-reducing factor at low doses and the development of risk-reducing methods in the future.

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“…Research is also being conducted in the field of medical countermeasures such as radioprotective pharmaceuticals, although none have been approved for astronauts so far [8]. Radioadaptation has also been proposed as a potential way for radiation protection during deep-space travels; a discussion on this topic can be found in [9]. In any case, before sending astronauts on a long-term human mission in deep space, calculations are needed to predict the doses (not only absorbed doses, but also equivalent and effective doses) that the astronauts would receive, and these calculations have to be compared with limits established by the various space agencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mission to Mars: Prediction of GCR Doses and Comparison with Astronaut Dose Limits

Ramos

Carante

Ferrari

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Long-term human space missions such as a future journey to Mars could be characterized by several hazards, among which radiation is one the highest-priority problems for astronaut health. In this work, exploiting a pre-existing interface between the BIANCA biophysical model and the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, a study was performed to calculate astronaut absorbed doses and equivalent doses following GCR exposure under different shielding conditions. More specifically, the interface with BIANCA allowed us to calculate both the RBE for cell survival, which is related to non-cancer effects, and that for chromosome aberrations, related to the induction of stochastic effects, including cancer. The results were then compared with cancer and non-cancer astronaut dose limits. Concerning the stochastic effects, the equivalent doses calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for chromosome aberrations (“high-dose method”) were similar to those calculated using the Q-values recommended by ICRP. For a 650-day mission at solar minimum (representative of a possible Mars mission scenario), the obtained values are always lower than the career limit recommended by ICRP (1 Sv), but higher than the limit of 600 mSv recently adopted by NASA. The comparison with the JAXA limits is more complex, since they are age and sex dependent. Concerning the deterministic limits, even for a 650-day mission at solar minimum, the values obtained by multiplying the absorbed dose by the RBE for cell survival are largely below the limits established by the various space agencies. Following this work, BIANCA, interfaced with an MC transport code such as FLUKA, can now predict RBE values for cell death and chromosome aberrations following GCR exposure. More generally, both at solar minimum and at solar maximum, shielding of 10 g/cm2 Al seems to be a better choice than 20 g/cm2 for astronaut protection against GCR.

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Radioadaptation and radioresistance during deep space travels

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches

Biophysical Modeling of the Ionizing Radiation Influence on Cells Using the Stochastic (Monte Carlo) and Deterministic (Analytical) Approaches

Calculations of the Radiation Dose for the Maximum Hormesis Effect

A Mission to Mars: Prediction of GCR Doses and Comparison with Astronaut Dose Limits

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