Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt

Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne; Higham, Thomas; Harris, Stephen; Brock, Fiona; Quilès, Anita; Wild, Eva Maria; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew

doi:10.1126/science.1189395

Cited by 182 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recent studies of the dating of the Egyptian Old to New Kingdoms have demonstrated that historical dates and 14 C-derived dates are compatible where reliable samples are selected and the correct methodologies applied [2]–[4]. The consistency of the results relating to the Thera eruption demonstrates the importance of a range of different sample types, although ideally they would have had chronological depth as well as geographical breadth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbon-Based Chronology from Assiros Toumba

2014

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Over 60 recent analyses of animal bones, plant remains, and building timbers from Assiros in northern Greece form an unique series from the 14th to the 10th century BC. With the exception of Thera, the number of 14C determinations from other Late Bronze Age sites in Greece has been small and their contribution to chronologies minimal. The absolute dates determined for Assiros through Bayesian modelling are both consistent and unexpected, since they are systematically earlier than the conventional chronologies of southern Greece by between 70 and 100 years. They have not been skewed by reference to assumed historical dates used as priors. They support high rather than low Iron Age chronologies from Spain to Israel where the merits of each are fiercely debated but remain unresolved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbon-Based Chronology from Assiros Toumba

2014

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“…Collapse at the end of the Neopalatial period-defined as Middle Minoan III until the end of Late Minoan IB, perhaps some 250 years to c. 1450 BC (but see Bruins 2010;Dickinson in press;Manning 2010;Manning et al 2006;Ramsey et al 2010)-is identified by the end of a palace-based culture that used Linear A script and the integrated islandwide system that had developed over time (Davis 2008;Manning 2008;Schoep 2010;Tomkins and Schoep 2010), perhaps with some form of Knossian pre-eminence (Bevan 2010). This was accompanied by widespread but selective destruction by fire, abandonments, deurbanization, and possible depopulation (Hallager 2010, p. 153).…”

Section: Palatial (Minoan) Cretementioning

confidence: 99%

Nothing Lasts Forever: Environmental Discourses on the Collapse of Past Societies

Middleton

2012

J Archaeol Res

121

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The study of the collapse of past societies raises many questions for the theory and practice of archaeology. Interest in collapse extends as well into the natural sciences and environmental and sustainability policy. Despite a range of approaches to collapse, the predominant paradigm is environmental collapse, which I argue obscures recognition of the dynamic role of social processes that lie at the heart of human communities. These environmental discourses, together with confusion over terminology and the concepts of collapse, have created widespread aporia about collapse and resulted in the creation of mixed messages about complex historical and social processes.

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“…In the Levant, the Canaanite coastal cities were prospering through trade from Egypt to Mesopotamia, and Canaan was the sphere of interest of the Egyptian and Hittite empires [25]. In Egypt, the New Kingdom was at its height during the prosperous reign of Seti I (first regnal year: 1307–1296 cal yr BC; historical date 1295–1279 BC) and Ramses II (first regnal year: 1292–1281 cal yr BC; historical date 1279–1213 BC) [26]–[27]. However, around 1200 BC, at the end of the LBA, the Eastern Mediterranean civilization declined or collapsed 20,28–33.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Roots of the Late Bronze Age Crisis

et al. 2013

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The Late Bronze Age world of the Eastern Mediterranean, a rich linkage of Aegean, Egyptian, Syro-Palestinian, and Hittite civilizations, collapsed famously 3200 years ago and has remained one of the mysteries of the ancient world since the event’s retrieval began in the late 19th century AD/CE. Iconic Egyptian bas-reliefs and graphic hieroglyphic and cuneiform texts portray the proximate cause of the collapse as the invasions of the “Peoples-of-the-Sea” at the Nile Delta, the Turkish coast, and down into the heartlands of Syria and Palestine where armies clashed, famine-ravaged cities abandoned, and countrysides depopulated. Here we report palaeoclimate data from Cyprus for the Late Bronze Age crisis, alongside a radiocarbon-based chronology integrating both archaeological and palaeoclimate proxies, which reveal the effects of abrupt climate change-driven famine and causal linkage with the Sea People invasions in Cyprus and Syria. The statistical analysis of proximate and ultimate features of the sequential collapse reveals the relationships of climate-driven famine, sea-borne-invasion, region-wide warfare, and politico-economic collapse, in whose wake new societies and new ideologies were created.

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Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt

Cited by 182 publications

References 23 publications

Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbon-Based Chronology from Assiros Toumba

Dating the End of the Greek Bronze Age: A Robust Radiocarbon-Based Chronology from Assiros Toumba

Nothing Lasts Forever: Environmental Discourses on the Collapse of Past Societies

Environmental Roots of the Late Bronze Age Crisis

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