Radiocarbon Dates on Saiga Antelope (&lt;i&gt;Saiga Tatarica&lt;/i&gt;) Fossils from Yukon and the Northwest Territories

Harington, C. R.; Cinq-Mars, Jacques

doi:10.14430/arctic1218

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Portions of the outer delta area and Richards Island were ice-free throughout much of the glaciation, but the Inuvik area was not deglaciated until about 14 500 BP (uncorrected 14 C years) (Ritchie, 1985). The ice-free areas formed the eastern margins of Beringia, the frigid, dry environment populated by fauna of the mammoth steppe (Harington and Cinq-Mars, 1995).…”

Section: Geology Glaciation and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area

Burn

Kokelj

2009

Permafrost & Periglacial

270

299

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The Mackenzie Delta, prograding northwestwards into the Beaufort Sea, is North America's largest arctic delta. This Holocene feature is bounded by rolling uplands to the east and the Richardson Mountains to the west. Treeline traverses the region, separating the subarctic boreal forest in southern parts from low-shrub tundra and sedge wetlands at the coast. The region is experiencing rapid climate change, and mean annual air temperature has increased by more than 2.58C since 1970. The area was at the margin of the Wisconsinan ice sheet, so that in the uplands the mean annual ground temperature and glacial history control permafrost thickness, which varies from >700 m to <100 m. Ground temperatures in the delta are distinct from the uplands due to the thermal influence of numerous lakes and shifting channels. In the uplands, ground temperatures decrease northwards across treeline in association with a decrease in the thickness of snow cover. Ground temperatures have increased since 1970 in the uplands by approximately 1.58C in association with rising annual mean air temperature. The increase has been less in the delta south of treeline due to the extensive thermal influence of water bodies on ground temperature. However, in the outer delta, the ground is currently more than 2.58C warmer than in 1970. The impact of climate change on permafrost is also evident in the thickness of the active layer, which increased on average by 8 cm at 12 tundra sites on northern Richards Island from 1983-2008.

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Section: Geology Glaciation and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area

Burn

Kokelj

2009

Permafrost & Periglacial

270

299

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“…Alternatively, herb reduction due to competition, winter snow depth, or icing events due to winter rainfalls were then becoming critical in limiting access to forage. The saiga antelope is particularly intolerant of snow deeper than 20 cm and of wet ground (Harington and Cinq-Mars, 1995). The most remarkable change in Beringian biome composition was the sudden appearance of elk (Cervus elaphus) shortly after 13 ka BP and their great population expansion about 12.5 ka BP, when the first moose (Alces alces) also may have arrived in the region (Guthrie, 2006).…”

Section: Ka Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northern North America Based on Pollen, Macrofossil, and Faunal Remains*

Dyke

2007

gpq

114

118

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AbstractBiome maps spanning the interval from the last glacial maximum to modern times are presented. The biome distributions at 18 ka BP were probably as nearly in equilibrium with climate as are the modern distributions, but deglacial biomes were probably in disequilibrium. Ice sheet configuration was a strong control of climate until 7 ka BP. Regional climate trends can be inferred from changing biome distributions, but during periods of disequilibrium, biome distributions under-represent summer warming. Because of summer cooling by 2-4 °C during the Holocene, largely in the last 3-5 ka, middle and certain early Holocene biome distributions and species compositions are reasonable analogues of future equilibrium displacements due to equivalent warming, at least in areas that were long-since deglaciated. Past biome migration rates in response to rapid regional warming during deglaciation were mainly in the range of 100-200 m per year. If these rates pertain in the future, biomes may shift 10-20 km in most regions over the next century. A major impediment to using former Holocene conditions as a guide to future conditions is that warmer Holocene summers were accompanied by colder winters, whereas warmer future summers will be accompanied by warmer winters.

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“…Evidence for the presence of saiga antelope from Baillie Islands in the Late Pleistocene shows that the eastern limit of Beringia (and the Mammoth Steppe) extended well beyond the Mackenzie River to about 128˚ W (Harington, 1971(Harington, , 1978(Harington, , 1981Harington and Cinq Mars, 1995). A circumpolar map (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eastern Limit of Beringia: Mammoth Remains from Banks and Melville Islands, Northwest Territories

Harington¹

2010

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Two mammoth fossils (presumably woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius) from northwestern Banks and southwestern Melville Islands, Northwest Territories, Canada, have been radiocarbon-dated to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), at 21 000 and 22 000 14 CYBP, respectively. These fossils not only are the northernmost mammoth records for North America, but also indicate that the Mammoth Steppe and Beringia extended eastward at least to Ballast Brook, Banks Island (74.3˚ N, 123.1˚ W), and possibly to the Cape James Ross area of Melville Island (75.7˚ N, 114.4˚ W). The specimens, a tibia and a tusk, probably represent woolly mammoths that moved northeastward from the Mackenzie Delta region during the LGM, when worldwide sea level had dropped about 120 m, leaving large tracts of sea bottom exposed off the Beaufort Sea coast and the west coast of Banks Island (then largely clear of glacial ice). Evidently herb tundra rich enough to supply the mammoths' needs characterized the regional landscape at that time. It is proposed that the term "Beringia" be used in the broad sense where evidence exists for a land connection between Asia and North America, regardless of its cause(s) and its supposed westerly or easterly limits, and that "Beringia" be used in a standard way: followed by its geological age in parentheses. Also, the term "Bering Isthmus" seems preferable to the commonly used "Bering Land Bridge."

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Radiocarbon Dates on Saiga Antelope (<i>Saiga Tatarica</i>) Fossils from Yukon and the Northwest Territories

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area

The environment and permafrost of the Mackenzie Delta area

Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northern North America Based on Pollen, Macrofossil, and Faunal Remains*

The Eastern Limit of Beringia: Mammoth Remains from Banks and Melville Islands, Northwest Territories

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