Radiocarbon evidence indicates that migrants introduced farming to Britain

Collard, Mark; Edinborough, Kevan; Shennan, Stephen; Thomas, Mark G.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.016

Cited by 177 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…34 Furthermore, there is evidence of several post-LBK Neolithic expansions, ca 6000 years BP from the Paris basin region toward Northern Italy, Southern France and Iberia, characterized by the Chasseen horizon, 35,36 as well as to England. 37 We examined the geographic regional patterns of S116, U106, U152 and M529 haplogroups more quantitatively within particular distance classes by spatial autocorrelation analysis. All these four sub-clades displayed clinal distributions of frequency variation (Supplementary Figure 1).…”

Section: Y-chromosome Haplogroup R1b Founders Nm Myres Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Myres¹,

et al. 2010

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The phylogenetic relationships of numerous branches within the core Y-chromosome haplogroup R-M207 support a West Asian origin of haplogroup R1b, its initial differentiation there followed by a rapid spread of one of its sub-clades carrying the M269 mutation to Europe. Here, we present phylogeographically resolved data for 2043 M269-derived Y-chromosomes from 118 West Asian and European populations assessed for the M412 SNP that largely separates the majority of Central and West European R1b lineages from those observed in Eastern Europe, the Circum-Uralic region, the Near East, the Caucasus and Pakistan. Within the M412 dichotomy, the major S116 sub-clade shows a frequency peak in the upper Danube basin and Paris area with declining frequency toward Italy, Iberia, Southern France and British Isles. Although this frequency pattern closely approximates the spread of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK), Neolithic culture, an advent leading to a number of pre-historic cultural developments during the past r10 thousand years, more complex pre-Neolithic scenarios remain possible for the L23(xM412) components in Southeast Europe and elsewhere.

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Section: Y-chromosome Haplogroup R1b Founders Nm Myres Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

Myres¹,

et al. 2010

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“…This site-based population proxy assumes that the temporal frequencies of occupied human settlements in a given region index relative human population size. Use of SPD-based approaches to inferring population change has been debated in the literature (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). Critics have raised concerns about confounding factors including atmospheric effects, sampling biases, taphonomic processes, or calibration error; however, the methods used here and elsewhere (20) attempt to control for these sources of error by (i) correcting systematic biases in the data and (ii) comparing the corrected empirical patterns to null SPD models that simulate exogenous processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

European Neolithic societies showed early warning signals of population collapse

Downey

Haas

Shennan

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Ecosystems on the verge of major reorganization-regime shiftmay exhibit declining resilience, which can be detected using a collection of generic statistical tests known as early warning signals (EWSs). This study explores whether EWSs anticipated human population collapse during the European Neolithic. It analyzes recent reconstructions of European Neolithic (8-4 kya) population trends that reveal regime shifts from a period of rapid growth following the introduction of agriculture to a period of instability and collapse. We find statistical support for EWSs in advance of population collapse. Seven of nine regional datasets exhibit increasing autocorrelation and variance leading up to collapse, suggesting that these societies began to recover from perturbation more slowly as resilience declined. We derive EWS statistics from a prehistoric population proxy based on summed archaeological radiocarbon date probability densities. We use simulation to validate our methods and show that sampling biases, atmospheric effects, radiocarbon calibration error, and taphonomic processes are unlikely to explain the observed EWS patterns. The implications of these results for understanding the dynamics of Neolithic ecosystems are discussed, and we present a general framework for analyzing societal regime shifts using EWS at large spatial and temporal scales. We suggest that our findings are consistent with an adaptive cycling model that highlights both the vulnerability and resilience of early European populations. We close by discussing the implications of the detection of EWS in human systems for archaeology and sustainability science.archaeology | early warning signs | human paleodemography | Neolithic Europe | resilience A 2012 Special Issue in PNAS debates how analysis of historical collapse in ancient societies can contribute to sustainability science (1). Key themes include accounting for complexity and multicausality in instances of collapse, modeling, and predicting both short-and long-term environmental change and the importance of historical and archaeological case studies. Although significant progress has been made in measuring ecosystem resilience and predicting collapse (2), quantifying the resilience of human societies presents a major challenge for social science research (3, 4). Further, the use of archaeological data and EWS methods to predict known periods of collapse in ancient human societies (i.e., retrodiction) (5) remains largely unexplored. Resilience as we use the concept here is defined as the ability of a system to absorb change and recover from disturbance while maintaining relationships between populations or state variables (6). Recent developments in ecology point to a promising new direction that follows from the observation that ecosystem resilience tends to decrease in advance of regime shifts-major transitions among qualitatively distinct ecosystem states (7). Theoretical and empirical studies of nonhuman systems reveal that decreasing resilience is detectable via time series statistics term...

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“…Other studies have attempted to make finer-grained spatiotemporal analyses of smaller regions using Gaussian kernel density weighted with radiocarbon data, for example in Mesolithic Iberia (Grove 2011) or Neolithic Britain (Collard et al 2010). However, few studies attempt to formally statistically test the patterns produced by GIS analysis of archaeological-chronological data.…”

Section: Gis Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On Applications of Space–Time Modelling with Open-Source 14C Age Calibration

McLaughlin

2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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In archaeology, the meta-analysis of scientific dating information plays an ever-increasing role. A common thread among many recent studies contributing to this has been the development of bespoke software for summarizing and synthesizing data, identifying significant patterns therein. These are reviewed in this paper, which also contains open-source scripts for calibrating radiocarbon dates and modelling them in space and time, using the R computer language and GRASS GIS. The case studies that undertake new analysis of archaeological data are (1) the spread of the Neolithic in Europe, (2) economic consequences of the Great Famine and Black Death in the fourteenth century Britain and Ireland and (3) the role of climate change in influencing cultural change in the Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age Ireland. These case studies exemplify an emerging trend in archaeology, which is quickly re-defining itself as a data-driven discipline at the intersection of science and the humanities.

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Radiocarbon evidence indicates that migrants introduced farming to Britain

Cited by 177 publications

References 33 publications

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe

European Neolithic societies showed early warning signals of population collapse

On Applications of Space–Time Modelling with Open-Source 14C Age Calibration

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