Radiocarbon Results from a 13-Kyr BP Coral from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea

Burr, George S.; Galang, Chrystie; Taylor, Frederick W.; Gallup, C. D.; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Cutler, K B; Quirk, Bill

doi:10.1017/s0033822200033105

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…First MRA simulations utilizing a global ocean general circulation model with enhanced resolution down to~20 km in marginal seas (FESOM2 developed by Danilov et al 2017) show promising improvements for the Cariaco region but long-term simulations, which would be necessary for a potential application of FESOM2 within this calibration effort here, are not yet available. Figure 3 Comparison of simulated and reconstructed marine Δ 14 C for locations which contain records contributing to IntCal20 (Bard et al 1990(Bard et al , 1998(Bard et al , 2004a(Bard et al , 2004b(Bard et al , 2013Burr et al 1998Burr et al , 2004Hughen et al 2000Hughen et al , 2004Hughen et al , 2006Cutler et al 2004;Fairbanks et al 2005;Durand et al 2013;Heaton et al 2013). Simulation results are for ocean climate scenario GS forced with the mean atmospheric Δ 14 C record where error bars indicate the combined uncertainty of atmospheric Δ 14 C and scenarios CS and PD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20

et al. 2020

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Beyond ~13.9 cal kBP, the IntCal20 radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve is based upon combining data across a range of different archives including corals and planktic foraminifera. In order to reliably incorporate such marine data into an atmospheric curve, we need to resolve these records into their constituent atmospheric signal and marine reservoir age. We present results of marine reservoir age simulations enabling this resolution, applying the LSG ocean general circulation model forced with various climatic background conditions and with atmospheric radiocarbon changes according to the Hulu Cave speleothem record. Simulating the spatiotemporal evolution of reservoir ages between 54,000 and 10,700 cal BP, we find reservoir ages between 500 and 1400 yr in the low- and mid-latitudes, but also more than 3000 yr in the polar seas. Our results are broadly in agreement with available marine radiocarbon reconstructions, with the caveat that continental margins, marginal seas, or tropical lagoons are not properly resolved in our coarse-resolution model.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20

et al. 2020

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“…Based upon comparison with other IntCal20 data, the Cariaco Basin (Hughen Figure 10 Plot of observed marine 14 C ages (with no MRA or ΔR correction) against the Marine20 and IntCal20 curves 0-55 cal kBP. The datasets shown consist of: foraminifera (forams) from the Iberian and Pakistan Margins (Bard et al 2013); corals from Tahiti and Barbados (Bard et al 1990(Bard et al , 1998(Bard et al , 2004; corals from Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea (Cutler et al 2004); corals from Tahiti (Durand et al 2013); corals from Vanuatu, Kiritimati and Barbados (Fairbanks et al 2005); corals from Papua New Guinea (Edwards et al 1993); and corals from Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu (Burr et al 1998(Burr et al , 2004. Plotted are the 95% probability intervals for both the calendar age and radiocarbon age of each observation; together with the 95% probability/ predictive intervals for Marine20 and IntCal20, respectively.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP)

et al. 2020

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The concentration of radiocarbon (14C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-average marine record of radiocarbon from 0–55 cal kBP and serves as a baseline for regional oceanic variation. Marine20 is intended for calibration of marine radiocarbon samples from non-polar regions; it is not suitable for calibration in polar regions where variability in sea ice extent, ocean upwelling and air-sea gas exchange may have caused larger changes to concentrations of marine radiocarbon. The Marine20 curve is based upon 500 simulations with an ocean/atmosphere/biosphere box-model of the global carbon cycle that has been forced by posterior realizations of our Northern Hemispheric atmospheric IntCal20 14C curve and reconstructed changes in CO2 obtained from ice core data. These forcings enable us to incorporate carbon cycle dynamics and temporal changes in the atmospheric 14C level. The box-model simulations of the global-average marine radiocarbon reservoir age are similar to those of a more complex three-dimensional ocean general circulation model. However, simplicity and speed of the box model allow us to use a Monte Carlo approach to rigorously propagate the uncertainty in both the historic concentration of atmospheric 14C and other key parameters of the carbon cycle through to our final Marine20 calibration curve. This robust propagation of uncertainty is fundamental to providing reliable precision for the radiocarbon age calibration of marine based samples. We make a first step towards deconvolving the contributions of different processes to the total uncertainty; discuss the main differences of Marine20 from the previous age calibration curve Marine13; and identify the limitations of our approach together with key areas for further work. The updated values for ΔR, the regional marine radiocarbon reservoir age corrections required to calibrate against Marine20, can be found at the data base http://calib.org/marine/.

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“…To evaluate whether the phase and amplitude effects described above were present in the Δ 14 C atm record, we compared smoothed marine‐based Δ 14 C atm records using data from the Atlantic [ Fairbanks et al , 2005; Hughen et al , 2000] and Pacific [ Fairbanks et al , 2005; Cutler et al , 2004; Burr et al , 2004] (Figure 4d). There is general agreement between the two ocean basins prior to the YD and during the latter half of the YD.…”

Section: Model‐data Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oceanic origin for the increase of atmospheric radiocarbon during the Younger Dryas

Singarayer

Richards

Ridgwell

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Variations in carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio in the atmosphere (D 14 C atm ) provide a powerful diagnostic for elucidating the timing and nature of geophysical and anthropological change. The (Atlantic) marine archive suggests a rapid D 14 C atm increase of 50% at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cold reversal (12.9 -11.7 kyr BP), which has not yet been satisfactorily explained in terms of magnitude or causal mechanism, as either a change in ocean ventilation or production rate. Using Earth-system model simulations and comparison of marine-based radiocarbon records from different ocean basins, we demonstrate that the YD D 14 C atm increase is smaller than suggested by the marine archive. This is due to changes in reservoir age, predominantly caused by reduced ocean ventilation.

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Radiocarbon Results from a 13-Kyr BP Coral from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20

A Short Note on Marine Reservoir Age Simulations Used in IntCal20

Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP)

An oceanic origin for the increase of atmospheric radiocarbon during the Younger Dryas

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