Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Fe, Co, Zn, Sb and Se in biomedical and environmental samples

Garg, A. N.; Weginwar, R. G.; Chutke, N. L.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(93)90039-9

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several studies have shown trace element concentration may be able to distinguish between malignant and benign tumors in the breast [4]- [8], possibly due to the elements' roles in DNA and nucleotide excision repair (e.g., As, Cd, Co, Mg and Zn) or toxicity at high levels (e.g., Cu, Se, Sb) [5], [9]. Unfortunately, current methods for measuring elemental concentrations are not compatible with in vivo methods [4], [6], [10]- [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Development of a High-Energy Gamma Camera for Use With NSECT Imaging: Feasibility for Breast Imaging

Sharma

Tourassi

Kapadia

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A new spectroscopic imaging technique, Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography (NSECT), is currently being developed to non-invasively and non-destructively measure and image elemental concentrations within the body. NSECT has potential for use in breast imaging as several studies have shown a link between elemental concentration and tumor status. In NSECT, a region of interest is illuminated with a high-energy (3-5 MeV) beam of neutrons that scatter inelastically with elemental nuclei within the body. The characteristic gamma rays that are emitted as the excited nuclei relax allow the identification of elements and the formation of elemental composition images. This imaging technique requires high-resolution and high-energy gamma spectroscopy; thereby eliminating current scintillation crystal based position sensitive gamma cameras. Instead, we propose to adapt high-energy gamma imaging techniques used in space-based imaging. A High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector provides high-resolution energy spectra while a rotating modulation collimator (RMC) placed in front of the detector modulates the incoming signal to provide spatial information. Counting the number of gamma events at each collimator rotation angle allows for reconstruction of images. Herein we report on the design and testing of a prototype RMC, a Monte Carlo simulation of this camera, and the use of this simulation tool to access the feasibility of imaging a breast with such a camera. The prototype RMC was tested with a 22 Na point source and verified that the RMC modulates the gamma rays in a predictable manner. The Monte Carlo simulation accurately modeled this behavior. Other simulations were used to accurately reconstruct images of a point source located within a 10 cm cube, suggesting NSECT's potential as a breast imaging method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NSECT generates elemental composition images by illuminating the region-of-interest with a high-energy (3)(4)(5) beam of neutrons. These neutrons scatter inelastically off the body's elemental nuclei, exciting them and causing them to emit characteristic gamma radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of a High-Energy Gamma Camera for Use With NSECT Imaging: Feasibility for Breast Imaging

Sharma

Tourassi

Kapadia

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…Fortunately for breast-fed infants, the concentration of Se in human milk is much higher than Hg (Donangelo & Dorea, 1998). The Se:Hg molar ratio of the mean metal concentrations in the breast milk of subjects from several countries are as follows: Germany 16 and 26 (Schramel et al 1988a,b respectively), Sweden 10, Zaire 18, Hungary 24, Nigeria 28, Guatemala 31, Philippines 49 (Parr et al 1991), India 33 (Garg et al 1993), Faroe Islands 20 (Grandjean et al 1995), Yugoslavia 15 to 22 (Kosta et al 1983). Considering that at high Hg burden, the molar ratio of Se:Hg in tissues approaches 1 (Drasch et al 2000), breast milk has a greater proportion of Se over Hg.…”

Section: Selenium Interactions and Breast-feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium and breast-feeding

Dórea

2002

Br J Nutr

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The objective of the present review is to discuss Se nutrition during breast-feeding, encompassing environmental and maternal constitutional factors affecting breast-milk-Se metabolism and secretion. A literature search of Medline and Webofscience was used to retrieve and select papers dealing with Se and breast milk. Although Se in natural foods occurs only in organic form, breast milk responds to organic and inorganic Se in supplements. Inorganic Se (selenite, selenate), which is largely used in maternal supplements, is not detectable in breast milk. The mammary-gland regulating mechanism controls the synthesis and secretion of seleno-compounds throughout lactation, with a high total Se level in colostrum that decreases as lactation progresses. Se appears in breast milk as a component of specific seleno-proteins and selenoamino-acids in milk proteins that are well tolerated by breast-fed infants even in high amounts. Se in breast milk occurs as glutathione peroxidase (4 -32 % total Se) . selenocystamine . selenocystine . selenomethionine. The wide range of breast-milk Se concentrations depends on Se consumed in natural foods, which reflects the Se content of the soils where they are grown. Se prophylaxis, either through soil Se fertilization or maternal supplements, is effective in raising breast-milk Se concentration. In spite of wide variation, the median Se concentration from studies worldwide are 26, 18, 15, and 17 mg/l in colostrum (0 -5 d), transitional milk (6 -21 d), mature milk (1 -3 months) and late lactation (.5 months) respectively. Se recommendations for infants are presently not achieved in 30 % of the reported breast-milk Se concentrations; nevertheless Se status is greater in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants.

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“…Phosphorus was determined by counting À activity of 32 P employing an end window G-M counter using an Al filter of 27 mg cm À2 [19]. For some fish samples, Fe, Co and Zn were also determined by RNAA method developed in our laboratory [20] after 1-week irradiation. All the radionuclides were identified from their characteristic -photo peaks and elemental concentrations were calculated by comparator method using RMs or synthetic standards as comparator [21].…”

Section: Irradiation and Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish as an indicator of aquatic environment: Multielemental neutron activation analysis of nutrient and pollutant elements in fish from Indian coastal areas

Garg

Ramakrishna

2006

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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Fish is the main food in coastal areas and its analysis for toxic metals has been used as an indicator of the pollution status of the aquatic environment. Several different fish species from the three Indian coasts, Visakhapatnam in the east, Mumbai in the west and Mangalore in the south west and also inland freshwater fish from Nagpur in the central region for comparison were analyzed for up to 20 elements (As, Au, Ba, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Dried fish samples in powdered form were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor followed by high resolution gamma ray spectrometry at different intervals. Several Reference Materials (RMs) of biological origin were analyzed for quality assurance and data validation. Elemental contents in different fish species vary in a wide range depending on the species, its size, location, and aquatic environment. Fish from Mangalore showed highest mean contents of Cr (14.8 AE 29.9 mg g À1 ), Cu (1005 AE 643 mg g À1 ) and Sb (849 AE 888 ng g À1 ) whereas those from Mumbai exhibited highest Hg (2066 AE 2146 ng g À1 ) and P (20.3 AE 4.63 mg g À1

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Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Fe, Co, Zn, Sb and Se in biomedical and environmental samples

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Design and Development of a High-Energy Gamma Camera for Use With NSECT Imaging: Feasibility for Breast Imaging

Design and Development of a High-Energy Gamma Camera for Use With NSECT Imaging: Feasibility for Breast Imaging

Selenium and breast-feeding

Fish as an indicator of aquatic environment: Multielemental neutron activation analysis of nutrient and pollutant elements in fish from Indian coastal areas

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