Radiochromic Film Dosimetry and its Applications in Radiotherapy

Williams, M.; Metcalfe, Peter E

doi:10.1063/1.3576160

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…EBT is known to have a response that is dependent on orientation during readout. This response is thought to be due to polymers having a preferred orientation 42 and is significant for coherent light, such as that used in the LDS. Film orientation dependence in the Epson has been well-characterized and has little or no dose-dependence; 43 so, for brevity, specific assessment of the orientation dependence of the Epson was not performed.…”

Section: C3 Lds Rotational Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype, glassless densitometer traceable to primary optical standards for quantitative radiochromic film dosimetry

et al. 2015

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Section: C3 Lds Rotational Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype, glassless densitometer traceable to primary optical standards for quantitative radiochromic film dosimetry

et al. 2015

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“…The radiochromic films are a well‐known dosimetric tool used for the evaluation of the delivered dose in radiotherapy especially for the two‐dimensional dose mapping as well as complex treatments that have been described in details . Gafchromic film (Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) is a commercial name of a class of radiochromic films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has evolved from external beam therapy (EBT), EBT2, EBT3, and newest EBT‐XD films with modification to the chemical composition making them more palatable for radiation dosimetry. These films have unique niche over other detectors due to its tissue equivalence, dose range, relative energy independence, and other characteristics that have been described in radiation dosimetry . The development of Gafchromic film has expanded from research to advanced dosimetric tool with greater uniformity, sensitivity, and fewer environmental dependencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gafchromic films are constructed of several emulsion layers coated onto intervening substrate layers . The heart of a radiochromic film is a substrate layer made of diacetylene monomers, the lithium salt of pentacosa‐10, 12‐diyonic acid (LiPCDA) that polymerizes upon radiation exposure that is used in ultrahigh resolution dosimetry . The atomic composition of the active layer of the listed above films contains: C, H, O, N, Li, and Al with some variation in elemental ratio .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure changes in radiochromic films due to magnetic field and radiation

et al. 2018

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Purpose: To correlate the dose response and changes in microscopic structures of the radiochromic films exposed to the clinical magnetic field in the range 1.5-3 T with standard and flattening filterfree (FFF) photon beams. Methods: The radiochromic film was cut into 5 9 5 cm 2 sheets/samples from one batch. These samples were exposed to a 1.5-T and/or 3-T B-fields from an MRI scanner using an abdominal sequence for 7 min before and after irradiation with 6 MV and/or 6 MV FFF beams. Films were placed in a reference condition at 5 cm depth in a solid water phantom and exposed up to 20 Gy. The sample orientation was maintained the same during exposure, readout, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The samples were scanned with an Epson Expression 11000XL in a 48bit RGB color mode at 300 dpi with red channel. Scanned images were processed in Image J and red channel mean intensity values were recorded. The samples were then coated with 6 nm gold and imaged by SEM Teneo (5 kV, 13 pA) under 2000, 2500, and 3000 magnifications for texture analysis. Results: The changes in the microstructure of the films in magnetic fields (1.5-and 3.0-T) were dose dependent. The orientation and granular size of samples at higher doses were altered compared to the controls. Needle-shaped structures of the active layer were longer and aligned for samples exposed to higher doses and magnetic field. However, no significant changes in optical density due to the presence of a magnetic field pre/postirradiation up to 20 Gy were observed. Conclusion: Fine structures of the film represent the polymerization characteristics that are affected by the radiation dose in the magnetic field. Upon exposure to radiation, diacetylene monomers undergo polymerization that forms longer chains with a temporal response. Even though this study did not notice any significant changes in optical density due to the presence of magnetic field, this should be studied in simultaneous application of the magnetic field during treatment in a dedicated MR-linac unit.

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“…However, the absorption peak at 633 nm provides a higher sensitivity than the peak at 582 nm [17]. Choosing a light source with a wavelength at the maximum absorption will provide the highest sensitivity for the EBT3 film measurement [20]. In ionizing radiation application, the wavelength at 635 nm has been employed to accurately measure the absorption of the film for doses level less than 10 Gy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy and Light Emitting Diodes Based System in Characterizing External Beam Therapy 3 Films for Solar Ultraviolet Measurement

Shah

Omar

2019

Photonic Sens

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Gafchromic external beam therapy 3 (EBT3) film has widely been used in medical field applications. Principally, the EBT3 film's color gradually changes from light green to darker color under incremental exposures by ionizing or even non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Peak absorbance of the EBT3 film can be used to predict absorbed doses by the film. However, until today, related researches still rely on spectrometers for color analysis of EBT3 films. Hence, this paper presents a comparative analysis between results produced by the spectrometer and a much simpler light-emitting diode-photodiode based system in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films after exposure by solar UV radiation. This work has been conducted on a set of 50 EBT3 samples with incremental solar UV exposure (doses). The wavelength in the red region has the best sensitivity in profiling the color changes of EBT3 films for low solar UV exposure measurement. This study foresees the ability of blue wavelength to profile films with a large range of solar UV exposure. The LED (light emitting diode)-based optical system has produced comparable measurement accuracies to the spectrometer and thus, with a potential for replacing the need for a multipurpose spectroscopy system for simple measurement of light attenuation.

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Radiochromic Film Dosimetry and its Applications in Radiotherapy

Cited by 49 publications

References 97 publications

A prototype, glassless densitometer traceable to primary optical standards for quantitative radiochromic film dosimetry

A prototype, glassless densitometer traceable to primary optical standards for quantitative radiochromic film dosimetry

Microstructure changes in radiochromic films due to magnetic field and radiation

Spectroscopy and Light Emitting Diodes Based System in Characterizing External Beam Therapy 3 Films for Solar Ultraviolet Measurement

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