Radiographic and fluoroscopic X‐ray systems: Quality control of the X‐ray tube and automatic exposure control using theoretical spectra to determine air kerma and dose to a homogenous phantom

Konst, Bente; Nøtthellen, Jacob; Bilet, Ellinor; Båth, Magnus

doi:10.1002/acm2.13329

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Both methods showed high levels of correlation, proving that FleXCT could be accurately modeled using Monte Carlo analysis. Modeling and calculating the dose to a homogeneous phantom are presented in study [35], which helps to ensure the accuracy of X-ray tube measurement data. As part of the X-ray tube's quality control, the parameterized X-ray spectrum was utilized to check the air kerma against theoretical predictions.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of MLP neural network to predict X-ray spectrum from tube voltage, filter material, and filter thickness used in medical imaging systems

He,

Zhanjian,

Zheng

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The X-ray energy spectrum is crucial for image quality and dosage assessment in mammography, radiography, fluoroscopy, and CT which are frequently used for the diagnosis of many diseases including but not limited to patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. X-ray tubes have an electron filament (cathode), a tungsten/rubidium target (anode) oriented at an angle, and a metal filter (aluminum, beryllium, etc.) that may be placed in front of an exit window. When cathode electrons meet the anode, they generate X-rays with varied energies, creating a spectrum from zero to the electrons’ greatest energy. In general, the energy spectrum of X-rays depends on the electron beam’s energy (tube voltage), target angle, material, filter thickness, etc. Thus, each imaging system’s X-ray energy spectrum is unique to its tubes. The primary goal of the current study is to develop a clever method for quickly estimating the X-ray energy spectrum for a variety of tube voltages, filter materials, and filter thickness using a small number of unique spectra. In this investigation, two distinct filters made of beryllium and aluminum with thicknesses of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 mm were employed to obtain certain limited X-ray spectra for tube voltages of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 130, and 150 kV. The three inputs of 150 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks were tube voltage, filter type, and filter thickness to forecast the X-ray spectra point by point. After training, the MLP neural networks could predict the X-ray spectra for tubes with voltages between 20 and 150 kV and two distinct filters made of aluminum and beryllium with thicknesses between 0 and 2 mm. The presented methodology can be used as a suitable, fast, accurate and reliable alternative method for predicting X-ray spectrum in medical applications. Although a technique was put out in this work for a particular system that was the subject of Monte Carlo simulations, it may be applied to any genuine system.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of MLP neural network to predict X-ray spectrum from tube voltage, filter material, and filter thickness used in medical imaging systems

He,

Zhanjian,

Zheng

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…In fluoroscopic systems, the AEC system often automatically selects the filtration, tube voltage, and tube charge settings [35]. Proper adjustment of the AEC is crucial for maintaining high image quality, particularly by utilizing the advanced tubes' high output.…”

Section: Aec Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review

Nocetti,

Villalobos,

Wunderle

2023

Children

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Pediatric interventional cardiology procedures are essential in diagnosing and treating congenital heart disease in children; however, they raise concerns about potential radiation exposure. Managing radiation doses and assessing image quality in angiographs becomes imperative for safe and effective interventions. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the current understanding of physical image quality metrics relevant for characterizing X-ray systems used in fluoroscopy-guided pediatric cardiac interventional procedures, considering the main factors reported in the literature that influence this outcome. A search in Scopus and Web of Science, using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded 14 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022. The physical image quality metrics reported were noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and high-contrast spatial resolution. Various factors influencing image quality were investigated, such as polymethyl methacrylate thickness (often used to simulate water equivalent tissue thickness), operation mode, anti-scatter grid presence, and tube voltage. Objective evaluations using these metrics ensured impartial assessments for main factors affecting image quality, improving the characterization of fluoroscopic X-ray systems, and aiding informed decision making to safeguard pediatric patients during procedures.

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“…In fluoroscopic systems, the AEC system often automatically selects the filtration, tube voltage, and tube charge settings [35]. The proper adjustment of the AEC is crucial for maintaining high image quality, particularly by utilizing the advanced tubes' high output.…”

Section: Aec Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review

Nocetti,

Villalobos,

Wunderle

2023

Preprint

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Pediatric interventional cardiology procedures are essential in diagnosing and treating congenital heart disease in children; however, they raise concerns about potential radiation exposure. Managing radiation doses and assessing image quality in angiographs becomes imperative for safe and effective interventions. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the current understanding of physical image quality metrics relevant for characterizing X-ray systems used in fluoroscopy-guided pediatric cardiac interventional procedures, considering the main factors reported in the literature that influence this outcome. A search in Scopus and Web of Science, using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded fourteen relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022. The physical image quality metrics reported were noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and high contrast spatial resolution. Various factors influencing image quality were investigated, such as polymethyl methacrylate thickness (often used to simulate water equivalent tissue thickness), operation mode, anti-scatter grid presence and tube voltage. Objective evaluations using these metrics ensure impartial assessments for main factors affecting image quality, improving in the characterization fluoroscopic X-ray systems, and aiding informed decisions to safeguard pediatric patients during procedures.

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Radiographic and fluoroscopic X‐ray systems: Quality control of the X‐ray tube and automatic exposure control using theoretical spectra to determine air kerma and dose to a homogenous phantom

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Application of MLP neural network to predict X-ray spectrum from tube voltage, filter material, and filter thickness used in medical imaging systems

Application of MLP neural network to predict X-ray spectrum from tube voltage, filter material, and filter thickness used in medical imaging systems

Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review

Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review

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