Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist

Progression or not progression? How to deal with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during puberty

“…Greulich and Pyle [16], Sampé and Pavia [17], Roo and Scröder [18], and Tanner et al [19] described skeletal age assessment by using hand and wrist AP radiographs. However, other radiographs can also be used to assess skeletal age: the so-called ''Oxford Method,'' originally described by Acheson [20], uses pelvis radiographs, whereas Pyle and Hoerr [21] and Hoer et al [22] utilize knee and foot radiographs, respectively.…”

“…The Greulich and Pyle [16] atlas was introduced in 1959. It is a widely used bone age assessment method.…”

“…In particular, 11.5 and 12.5 years of bone age in girls and 14.5 years of bone age in boys are not represented in the Atlas. Moreover, hand and wrist AP radiographs between 11 and 13 years of bone age in girls and between 13 and 15 years of skeletal age in boys are difficult to assess [12,16].…”

“…Stage 8 is the mature stage and corresponds to Risser grade 5 [25]. This method has been proven to be reliable, and it correlates more strongly with the behavior of idiopathic scoliosis than the Risser sign or Greulich and Pyle bone ages [11,16,[23][24][25].…”

Low body weight and its association with bone health and pubertal maturation in Chinese girls

“…BMI was calculated by weight in kilograms divided by square of height in metres. Bone age to the nearest 3 months was estimated by means of the Greulich and Pyle Atlas method (Greulich & Pyle, 1959), which assesses development stages of metacarpals, phalanges and carpals from a hand and wrist X-ray against a set of reference photographs. Date at menarche was recorded.…”