Radiographic evaluation of common pediatric elbow injuries

DeFroda, Steven F.; Hansen, Heather; Gil, Joseph A.; Hawari, Ashraf; Cruz, Aristides I.

doi:10.4081/or.2017.7030

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A concomitant fracture is seen in up to 39% of cases[ 5 , 7 ]. A retrospective study of 494 proximal radius fractures showed that 25% of the concomitant fractures were missed on the initial analysis of radiographs.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less common are ulnar metadiaphyseal fractures, ulnar fractures as part of a Monteggia fracture-dislocation and medial epicondyle fractures. Risk factors for concomitant fractures include joint effusion, young children, and complete or displaced proximal radius fractures[ 5 , 7 ]. In addition to concomitant fractures, other injury patterns can accompany a proximal radius fracture, such as elbow dislocation or acute longitudinal radioulnar disruption (ALRUD or Essex-Lopresti injury).…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elbow fractures represent 10% of all fractures occurring in the pediatric population[ 4 ]. Unlike in adults, proximal radius fractures are relatively rare, representing up to 14% of all pediatric elbow fractures[ 4 , 5 ]. Radial head and neck fractures occur most frequently in children aged 7 years to 12 years[ 3 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of proximal radius fractures are radial neck fractures (89%), and these fractures occur more frequently in younger patients compared to radial head fractures[ 7 ]. A concomitant fracture occurs in up to 39% of radial head or neck fractures, and can easily be missed on the initial interpretation of the radiographs[ 5 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, treatment and complications of radial head and neck fractures in the pediatric patient

Macken

Eygendaal

Bergen

2022

WJO

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Radial head and neck fractures represent up to 14% of all pediatric elbow fractures and can be a difficult challenge in the pediatric patient. In up to 39% of proximal radius fractures, there is a concomitant fracture, which can easily be overlooked on the initial standard radiographs. The treatment options for proximal radius fractures in children range from non-surgical treatment, such as immobilization alone and closed reduction followed by immobilization, to more invasive options, including closed reduction with percutaneous pinning and open reduction with internal fixation. The choice of treatment depends on the degree of angulation and displacement of the fracture and the age of the patient; an angulation of less than 30 degrees and translation of less than 50% is generally accepted, whereas a higher degree of displacement is considered an indication for surgical intervention. Fractures with limited displacement and non-surgical treatment generally result in superior outcomes in terms of patient-reported outcome measures, range of motion and complications compared to severely displaced fractures requiring surgical intervention. With proper management, good to excellent results are achieved in most cases, and long-term sequelae are rare. However, severe complications do occur, including radio-ulnar synostosis, osteonecrosis, rotational impairment, and premature physeal closure with a malformation of the radial head as a result, especially after more invasive procedures. Adequate follow-up is therefore warranted.

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Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, treatment and complications of radial head and neck fractures in the pediatric patient

Macken

Eygendaal

Bergen

2022

WJO

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“…Data show that fractures of the pediatric elbow represent approximately 12% of systemic fractures [ 4 ]. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce children’s pain, shorten the healing time, and prevent malunion and neurovascular complications [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Instance Segmentation in Pediatric Elbow Radiographs

Wei

Wang

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Radiography is an essential basis for the diagnosis of fractures. For the pediatric elbow joint diagnosis, the doctor needs to diagnose abnormalities based on the location and shape of each bone, which is a great challenge for AI algorithms when interpreting radiographs. Bone instance segmentation is an effective upstream task for automatic radiograph interpretation. Pediatric elbow bone instance segmentation is a process by which each bone is extracted separately from radiography. However, the arbitrary directions and the overlapping of bones pose issues for bone instance segmentation. In this paper, we design a detection-segmentation pipeline to tackle these problems by using rotational bounding boxes to detect bones and proposing a robust segmentation method. The proposed pipeline mainly contains three parts: (i) We use Faster R-CNN-style architecture to detect and locate bones. (ii) We adopt the Oriented Bounding Box (OBB) to improve the localizing accuracy. (iii) We design the Global-Local Fusion Segmentation Network to combine the global and local contexts of the overlapped bones. To verify the effectiveness of our proposal, we conduct experiments on our self-constructed dataset that contains 1274 well-annotated pediatric elbow radiographs. The qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the network significantly improves the performance of bone extraction. Our methodology has good potential for applying deep learning in the radiography’s bone instance segmentation.

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Elbow and Forearm

Hassan

Mortada

2019

Pediatric Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography

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Radiographic evaluation of common pediatric elbow injuries

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Diagnosis, treatment and complications of radial head and neck fractures in the pediatric patient

Diagnosis, treatment and complications of radial head and neck fractures in the pediatric patient

Accurate Instance Segmentation in Pediatric Elbow Radiographs

Elbow and Forearm

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