Radiographic evaluation of craniofacial structures associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in a Turkish population: a controlled trial study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the dental and craniofacial characteristics of subjects with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) using lateral cephalometric radiography. Methods The sample consisted of the lateral cephalometric radiographs of 20 AI patients, irrespective of orthodontic malocclusion, and 18 healthy control subjects. Commonly used cephalometric measurements (8 linear, 6 angular) were compared between groups. Differences were tested with analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to examine intraobserver reliability. Results The AI group displayed significant differences from the control group, indicating a tendency towards a skeletal open-bite malocclusion (p \ 0.01). Despite the random selection of AI cases, the mean intermaxillary relationship of the AI group fell within the Class I malocclusion type. The AI group showed increased anterior facial height (p \ 0.01) and decreased posterior facial height (p \ 0.01) in comparison with the control group. No significant difference was found in maxillary or mandibular effective lengths. Conclusions Open-bite malocclusion was found in 35% of patients with AI. The mean vertical dimensions were increased in the AI group. These characteristics are considered to be skeletal in origin, although the etiological relationship between AI and skeletal disharmony remains unknown.

Craniofacial Cephalometric Characteristics and Open Bite Deformity in Individuals with Amelogenesis Imperfecta—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A forest plot comparing the SNB angle in individuals with and without AI (Figure 3) shows a significant difference with a smaller SNB angle in those with AI (SMD = −0.67; 95% CI −1.23, −0.12; p = 0.02), with the studies showing considerable heterogeneity (I 2 = 75%). [13,17,22,23]. CI = confidence interval; IV = inverse variance; SD = standard deviation.…”

“…Because of this heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses were performed removing each individual study from the metaanalysis, and no significant changes to the overall mean difference were observed. Nevertheless, the data from the study of Oz et al [23] seemed to be an outlier with a mean intermaxillary angle in the control group of 10.63 degrees. This value, although extreme, was confirmed with the authors of the study who assured us that there were no errors in the data and this was indeed the mean intermaxillary angle of their sample.…”

“…Based on the previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven full texts were assessed for eligibility and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Only four of these articles met the criteria for inclusion in the quantitative synthesis [13,17,22,23] (Figure 1).…”

“…Table 2. Characteristics of included studies (continued), [12,13,15,17,[22][23][24]. C = Control, AI = Amelogenesis imperfecta, M = Male, F = Female.…”

“…It was conducted on the included studies (Table 3). Six of the studies were judged to have a satisfactory risk of bias [12,13,15,23,24], while one study was judged to have subpar risk of bias [22].…”