Radiographic Measurement of Cardiac Size in 27 Rabbits

Onuma, Mamoru; Ono, Sadaharu; Ishida, Tatsuro; Shibuya, Hisashi; Sato, Tsuneo

doi:10.1292/jvms.09-0390

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The long and short axis dimensions were added, transposed onto the vertebral column and recorded as the number of vertebrae starting at the cranial edge of the 4th thoracic vertebra. The given distance along the vertebral column to the caudal point was estimated as the number of vertebrae resulting in a vertebral heart score [ 17 , 18 ]. In the same plane, the cardiac angle was determined between the heart base and the apex, along the lumen of the left ventricle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2017

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BackgroundLiterature investigating the normal cross-sectional anatomy of rabbits with computed tomography (CT) is sparse and incomplete. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the normal thoracic structures, in particular the cranial thorax, with CT angiography in 10 clinically healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.ResultsAbsolute and relative measurements of the trachea, heart, thoracic caudal vena cava and aorta, right and left principal bronchi, right and left caudal lobar bronchi and the accompanying branches of the right and left pulmonary artery and vein, right and left lung volume and lung density were taken. The three lobes of the thymus (right ventral, right dorsal and left thoracic lobes) were identified in all rabbits. Both the right dorsal and left thoracic lobes of the thymus extended between the heart and thoracic wall in all individuals with the left lobe reaching more caudally in seven animals. Consequently, the craniocaudal extension of the left lung was smaller than the right lung in these rabbits. Volume of the left lung was significantly smaller than the right (P = 0.005). The cranial mediastinal, right and left tracheobronchial and the aortic thoracic lymph nodes were very small and identified in four, four, seven and ten rabbits, respectively. The heart took up a median of 4.0 intercostal spaces, and in seven rabbits, it was located in the 2nd–5th intercostal space. Median relative cardiac height and width measured 74 and 88%, respectively. The median angle of the trachea to the spine was 5°. Median density between the right and left lung did not significantly differ (− 549 and − 583 Hounsfield units, respectively). In all but one rabbit, atelectasis was present and classified as mild, moderate or severe in six, two and one individuals, respectively. Mild subclinical bronchopneumonia was diagnosed in seven rabbits.ConclusionsThe present study provides species-specific anatomical CT information and reference values for structures in the thorax of the NZW rabbit. Subclinical bronchopneumonia appears to be a common CT finding.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2017

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“…The vertebral heart size (VHS) measurement system was created as a means to objectively measure cardiac silhouette size in dogs and its development has been described in other companion animal species, including cats, ferrets and rabbits (Buchanan & Bucheler 1995 , Stepien et al 1999 , Litster & Buchanan 2000 , Onuma et al 2010 , Giannico et al 2015 ). There is little information regarding VHS in rodents (Diniz et al 2013 , de Moura et al 2015 , Garcia et al 2016 ), but VHS reference intervals have not been described in chinchillas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral heart size in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) using radiography and CT

Doss

Mans

Hoey

et al. 2017

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Radiographic abnormalities of the cardiac silhouette, however, are only detected if normal parameters are known and, to this end, abundant studies related to the radiographic assessment of the cardiac size have been performed in several species, including cats (Lord & Zontine 1977, Litster & Buchanan 2000a, Litster & Buchanan 2000b, Ghadiri et al 2008, dogs (Lehmkuhl et al 1997, Lamb et al 2001, Bavegems et al 2005, Hansson et al 2005, Marin et al 2007, Spasojević-Kosić et al 2007, Kraetschmer et al 2008, ferrets (Stepien et al 1999), llamas (Mattoon et al 2001), psittacines (Straub et al 2002), cattle (Jilintai et al 2006), monkeys (Harada et al 2009), rabbits (Onuma et al 2010) and alpacas (Nelson et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic measurements related with the cardiac size in young female Bergamasca sheep

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Mensurações radiográficas relacionadas às dimensões cardíacas em borregas Bergamácia.]No exame radiográfico torácico, rotineiramente utilizado em casos em que a avaliação cardíaca é indicada, a análise quantitativa do coração é um recurso útil a ser usado em combinação com a avaliação subjetiva. Diversos estudos relacionados à análise objetiva do tamanho cardíaco têm sido realizados em várias espécies, incluindo ovinos; no entanto, há pouca informação sobre os parâmetros cardíacos de ovinos jovens da raça Bergamácia. Dessa for-ABSTRACT.-Babicsak V.R., Alves L.S., Tsunemi M.H. & Vulcano L.C. 2017. Radiographic measurements related with the cardiac size in young female Bergamasca sheep. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37 (12):1526-1530. In thoracic radiographic examination, routinely used in cases which cardiac evaluation is indicated, quantitative assessment of the heart is a useful role to be used in combination with subjective analysis. Numerous studies about objective assessment of the cardiac size have been performed in several species, including sheep; however, there is scarce information regarding cardiac parameters of young Bergamasca sheep. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the average results and suggest the range of expected normal values for parameters related to the heart size of young female Bergamasca sheep by radiographic evaluation. Fifteen healty 8 months-old female Bergamasca sheep (mean weight: 41.13±4.71kg) were submitted to right lateral recumbency thoracic radiography. The length of the fourth and third to fifth thoracic vertebrae, cardiac height and width, vertebral heart size, cardiophrenic contact, caudal vena cava height, aorta caliber and tracheal angle were measured and the mean results found were, respectively: 2.46±0.11cm (95% CI 2., 1.88±0.19cm (95% CI 1.79-1.97), 2.05±0.11cm (95% CI 2.00-2.11) and 14.36±2.73° (95% CI 12.98-15.75). Cardiac height and width and the sum of these parameters were compared to the length of third to fifth thoracic vertebrae, resulting in the respective mean values: 1.84±0.08 (95% IC 1.80-1.88), 1.20±0.05 (1.17-1.22) and 3.04±0.11 (95% IC 2.98-3.09). Ratios of cardiophrenic contact to cardiac height and caudal vena cava height to length of fourth thoracic vertebra were also evaluated and the mean values obtained were 0.33±0.05 (95% IC 0.30-0.35) and 0.76±0.08 (95% IC 0.72-0.81), respectively. Authors suggest that the values available in this study may be used as reference for normal heart size in young female Bergamasca sheep and as basis for further studies.

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Radiographic Measurement of Cardiac Size in 27 Rabbits

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

Vertebral heart size in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) using radiography and CT

Radiographic measurements related with the cardiac size in young female Bergamasca sheep

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