Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

Valentino, L; Lillich, J. D.; Gaughan, Earl M.; Biller, D.; Raub, R.H.

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1632481

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the horse OC lesions are rarely found in ponies and have a much lower incidence in feral horses (Voûte et al 1997, Valentino et al 1999) This strongly suggests a considerable genetic influence. Further evidence comes from studies showing large differences in incidence of OC between progeny groups of different stallions Strömberg andRejnö 1979, Schougaard et al 1990).…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using modern molecular biological and genetic techniques, researchers are closing in on various aspects of the disease. The fact that osteochondrosis is a relatively "new disease" with a very low incidence in feral horses (Valentino et al 1999) strongly implicates modern breeding policies and management aspects as key factors in this disease. However, "simple and straightforward solutions" cannot be expected if one realises that OC is a multifactorial disease in which the problem is not to single out a specific causative factor, but to determine to what extent, and in which order, a variety of factors play a role.…”

Section: P R Van Weerenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Equine Osteochondrosis: a challenging enigma

Weeren¹

2005

PHK

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SummaryOsteochondrosis (OC) is by far the most important equine developmental orthopaedic disease. Depending on the breed, the incidence may be as high as 25% and losses to the equine industry in economical terms and in terms of welfare are considerable. Osteochondrosis is a multi-factorial disorder in which both hereditary components and management aspects play key roles. Important management factors include nutrition and biomechanical loading of the joints. The concept of the disease has changed considerably over the past years and the condition is now seen as a dynamic process in which lesions may appear and disappear again (be repaired). The last possibility exists as long as the metabolic level of the extracellular matrix of the articular is still high enough to permit such repair. Current research focuses primarily on the molecular mechanisms leading to osteochondrosis and on the genetic background. The complex, multi-factorial character of clinical OC, that can be seen as the outcome of two different processes (pathogenesis and repair), and preliminary results pointing at the involvement of different gene sets for different joints, make it improbable that reliable, simple and decisive genetic tests will soon come onto the market.Keywords: horse, osteochondrosis, OCD, OC, developmental orthopaedic disease, cartilage Osteochondrose des Pferdes -Rätsel und HerausforderungOsteochondrose (OC) ist bei weitem die wichtigste orthopädische Entwicklungsstörung des jungen Pferdes. In gewissen Rassen kann die Inzidenz bis 25% betragen und OC beeinträchtigt deshalb den ganzen Pferdensektor in schwerem Maße. Osteochondrosis ist eine multifaktorielle Krankheit wobei genetische sowie Umgebungsfaktoren eine Rolle spielen. Wichtige Umgebungsfaktoren sind unter anderen die Ernährung und biomechanische Einflüsse. Das Konzept der Osteochondrose hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren ziemlich verändert. Heute sieht man OC als einen sehr dynamischen Prozess in dessen Verlauf Läsionen entstehen aber auch wieder verschwinden (repariert werden). Die Reparatur kann jedoch nur stattfinden wenn der Metabolismus der extrazellulären Matrix des Gelenkknorpels noch groß genug ist, was bedeutet dass dies nur bei sehr jungen Tieren geschehen kann. Die aktuelle Osteochondrose-Forschung richtet sich vornehmlich auf die molekulären Mechanismen der Krankheit und auf deren genetischen Hintergrund. Die sehr komplizierte Natur von Osteochondrose, die Tatsache, dass die klinische Manifestation das Ergebnis zwei unterschiedener Prozesse ist (Entwicklung der Läsion und der Reparaturprozess), und preliminäre Ergebnisse der molekulärgenetischen Forschung, die auf die Beteiligung mehrerer und verschiedener Gene für unterschiedliche Gelenke hindeuten, machen es nicht wahrsheinlich, dass bald ein zuverlässiger und eindeutiger Gentest für OC entwikkelt werden kann.

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Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: P R Van Weerenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Osteochondrosis: a challenging enigma

Weeren¹

2005

PHK

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“…There are strong indications that genetics play an important part in OC. Osteochondrosis does occur in feral horses, but the prevalence is much lower (about 2.5% in the tarsocrural joint and even 0% in the femoropatellar joint) (Valentino et al 1999). Further, the disease is more than rare and in fact virtually absent in ponies (Bj€ ornsd ottir et al 2000; Strand et al 2007;Voûte et al 2011).…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of osteochondrosis dissecans: How does this translate to management of the clinical case?

Weeren

Olstad

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Osteochondrosis (OC) is the most prevalent developmental orthopaedic disease in the horse. It is a complex disorder because of the interplay of factors that influence the formation of lesions and the ensuing natural healing process, the end result of which determines clinical outcome. The early pathogenetic mechanism of OC has long remained elusive, but recent research has provided compelling evidence for vascular disturbances leading to areas of ischaemic necrosis in the subarticular growth cartilage as the primary event. The aetiological factors that influence the process of the development of lesions are many and comprise both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic background of OC (dissecans) is highly complex with quantitative trait loci associated with some form of OC found on not fewer than 22 of the 33 chromosomes of the horse, and different manifestations and locations of OC having probably different genetic backgrounds. The environmental factors can be divided into nutritional factors and factors influencing the biomechanical loading of joints. Feeding large quantities of easily digestible carbohydrates is a clear risk factor and also the availability of sufficient copper for mares in the last part of pregnancy is important. Factors influencing the biomechanical loading of joints include the exercise regimen of foals, paddock size and roughness of terrain, and conformation. Equine OC is rarely a life‐threatening disease and the prognosis of (surgical) treatment is good to very good. However, the impact on economics of the equine industry and on horse welfare is large. This impact can only be lessened by the judicious management of both horse breeding and horse husbandry. Some of the measures that would alleviate the burden of OC conflict with (commercial) pressures from the industry and a balance between human‐imposed breeding and performance goals and the interest of the animal itself should be sought.

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“…In a study conducted in feral horses, which had not known other than natural selection for a long time, OC was present indeed. However, prevalence in the talocrural joint did not exceed 2.5% and was nil in the femoropatellar joint [17]. In the general equine population, the prevalence of osteochondrosis differs per breed of horse, but is much higher in virtually all populations [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty years of osteochondrosis

Weeren

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Equine Osteochondrosis: a challenging enigma

Equine Osteochondrosis: a challenging enigma

Pathogenesis of osteochondrosis dissecans: How does this translate to management of the clinical case?

Fifty years of osteochondrosis

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