Radiographic thin-section image of the human wrist by nuclear magnetic resonance

Hinshaw, W. S.; Bottomley, Paul A.; Holland, G. N.

doi:10.1038/270722a0

Cited by 221 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ideas spread quickly and first NMR images were already produced in the early 1970s [11], and human fingers and wrist were originally imaged in resistive, vertical NMR magnets operating at 0.35 T [23] and 0.7 T [24]. The first in-vivo whole-body scan was performed on Peter Mansfield's abdomen in 1978, still using resistive electromagnets, at ultra-low field strength-0.094 T [25,26].…”

Section: Resistive Electromagnets the Beginning Of Analytical Nmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First images of human finger and wrist were taken at Nottingham still using vertical bore, resistive magnets (0.35 T and 0.7 T, respectively) in 1977 [23,24,26]. Human whole-body MRI prototype scanners have been co-developed by OI and installed during the late 1970s, employing resistive electromagnets operating at 0.05 T in Aberdeen and 0.094 T at Nottingham [20,21,25,26,49].…”

Section: Clinical Mri and Mr Research Using Whole-body Superconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-High Field NMR and MRI—The Role of Magnet Technology to Increase Sensitivity and Specificity

Moser

Laistler

Schmitt³

et al. 2017

Front. Phys.

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"History, of course, is difficult to write, if for no other reason, than that it has so many players and so many authors." -P. J. Keating (former Australian Prime Minister)Starting with post-war developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) a race for stronger and stronger magnetic fields has begun in the 1950s to overcome the inherently low sensitivity of this promising method. Further challenges were larger magnet bores to accommodate small animals and eventually humans. Initially, resistive electromagnets with small pole distances, or sample volumes, and field strengths up to 2.35 T (or 100 MHz 1 H frequency) were used in applications in physics, chemistry, and material science. This was followed by stronger and more stable (Nb-Ti based) superconducting magnet technology typically implemented first for small-bore systems in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and structural biology, and eventually allowing larger horizontal-bore magnets with diameters large enough to fit small laboratory animals. By the end of the 1970s, first low-field resistive magnets big enough to accommodate humans were developed and superconducting whole-body systems followed. Currently, cutting-edge analytical NMR systems are available at proton frequencies up to 1 GHz (23.5 T) based on Nb 3 Sn at 1.9 K. A new 1.2 GHz system (28 T) at 1.9 K, operating in persistent mode but using a combination of low and high temperature multi-filament superconductors is to be released. Preclinical instruments range from small-bore animal systems with typically 600-800 MHz (14.1-18.8 T) up to 900 MHz (21 T) at 1.9 K. Human whole-body MRI systems currently operate up to 10.5 T. Hybrid combined superconducting and resistive electromagnets with even higher field strength of 45 T dc and 100 T pulsed, are available for material research, of course with smaller free bore diameters. This rather costly development toward higher and higher field strength is a consequence of the inherently low and, thus, urgently needed sensitivity in all NMR experiments. This review particularly describes and compares the developments in superconducting magnet technology and, thus, sensitivity in three Moser et al.UHF MR-Magnet Technology fields of research: analytical NMR, biomedical and preclinical research, and human MRI and MRS, highlighting important steps and innovations. In addition, we summarize our knowledge on safety issues. An outlook into even stronger magnetic fields using different superconducting materials and/or hybrid magnet designs is presented.

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Section: Resistive Electromagnets the Beginning Of Analytical Nmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Mri and Mr Research Using Whole-body Superconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-High Field NMR and MRI—The Role of Magnet Technology to Increase Sensitivity and Specificity

Moser

Laistler

Schmitt³

et al. 2017

Front. Phys.

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“…Although the specific physiologic functions of these polyamines are still not well understood or well defined at a molecular level, extensive recent studies have shown that their concentration is highly regulated and that cellular proliferation and differentiation require polyamine biosynthesis. [1][2][3] The availability of new reagents for specifically modulating the polyamine pathway has led to a tremendous resurgence in investigations of the fundamental role of these polycations and of the therapeutic efficacy for selectively blocking the synthesis pathway.2 4 The interdepartmental conference at the UCLA School of Medicine on "Polyamines in Clinical Disorders" presented in this issue is very timely and provides a brief overview ofthe polyamines, their synthetic pathway and the potential significance ofpolyamines in the physiologic function ofmany body organ systems. The conference participants discuss the potential clinical applications of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis in neoplastic disorders, pulmonary oxygen toxicity and skin disorders including psoriasis.…”

Section: Msmwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

1991

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…History of MRI goes back to 1970 with low field MRI using resistive magnet such as 0.1T or 1 Kilo Gauss MRI (1)(2)(3). From the early and mid-1980, superconducting magnet became available and began to obtain clinically usable images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advancement of Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: from Anatomy to Tractography

Cho

2016

Investig Magn Reson Imaging

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Review ArticlePurpose: Advances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially that of the Ultra-High Field (UHF) MRI will be reviewed. Materials and Methods: Diffusion MRI data was obtained from a healthy adult young male of age 30 using a 7.0T research MRI scanner (Magnetom, Siemens) with 40 mT/m maximum gradient field. The specific imaging parameters used for the data acquisition were a single shot DW echo planar imaging. Results: Three areas of the imaging experiments are focused on for the study, namely the anatomy, angiography, and tractography. Conclusion: It is envisioned that, in near future, there will be more 7.0T MRIs for brain research and explosive clinical application research will also be developed, for example in the area of connectomics in neuroscience and clinical neurology and neurosurgery.

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Radiographic thin-section image of the human wrist by nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 221 publications

References 8 publications

Ultra-High Field NMR and MRI—The Role of Magnet Technology to Increase Sensitivity and Specificity

Ultra-High Field NMR and MRI—The Role of Magnet Technology to Increase Sensitivity and Specificity

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

Review of Recent Advancement of Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: from Anatomy to Tractography

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