Radioimmunoassay of human salivary amylase: Cross-reactivity with human and porcine pancreatic amylase and other salivary proteins

Differences between and within human parotid saliva and nasal mucus cAMP and cGMP in normal subjects and in patients with taste and smell dysfunction

“…It is well known that saliva and nasal mucus play important roles in establishing homeostasis in several functional aspects of oral and nasal physiology, respectively. However, each fluid has several proteins, which play specific roles in each fluid (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). These roles are complex and have not yet been clearly defined.…”

“…On the other hand, luminicarmine, the proline rich phosphoglycoprotein which comprises 70–80% of total protein of normal human parotid saliva (3), comprises <2% of the total protein in normal human nasal mucus (8). Another major protein in parotid saliva, amylase, constitutes about 10% of the total salivary protein (4) whereas it is only found in trace amounts in nasal mucus (8). The zinc‐containing glycoprotein in parotid saliva, gustin (1, 2), or carbonic anhydrase VI (5) constitutes about 3% of the total parotid saliva protein (1, 2) and its concentration in nasal mucus is similar (8, 10).…”

“…Lysozyme and lactoferrin are major proteins in nasal mucus (8) but they are either not found in parotid saliva or present in very low concentrations (8). We have made similar observations about several other moieties (1–12) and have tried to sort out their functional similarities and differences (8) although these concepts are still unclear.…”

“…Many investigators, both before and after our work, have also described the biochemical components of both saliva (13)(14)(15)(16) and nasal mucus (17)(18)(19) but they did not systematically compare the biochemical composition of these fluids as we have done (8,9). Indeed, while some moieties in each fluid are similar, their concentrations differ significantly (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). For example, albumin, the major moiety present in nasal mucus (8,9), is present in trace amounts in normal parotid saliva.…”

Accurate quantitation of salivary and pancreatic amylase activities in human plasma by microchip electrophoretic separation of the substrates and hydrolysates coupled with immunoinhibition

“…Amylases have different physiochemical properties, so a differential assay for each amylase in blood is necessary for the accurate diagnosis of acute pancreatitis [7]. Several analytical methods for each individual amylases have been reported based on electrophoresis [8][9][10][11][12], column chromatography [13,14], and radioimmunoassaying [15][16][17]. Recently, various-length maltooligosaccharides have been employed for amylase assaying as substrates [6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and a wheat germ inhibitor [19] and a mAb [6,24] have also been introduced to isoamylase assay-ing to distinguish between P-AMY and salivary amylase (S-AMY).…”