Radioimmunoassay of Vasotocin, Vasopressin, and Oxytocin in Human Neonatal Cerebrospinal and Amniotic Fluid

Artman, Henry G.; Leake, Rosemary D.; Weitzman, Richard E.; Sawyer, Wilbur H.; Fisher, Delbert A.

doi:10.1159/000457142

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…4) degradation (with cystineaminopeptidase of human pregnancy plasma or with trypsin) abolished immunoreactivity (data not shown). In addition, none of the antisera cross-react significantly with either the ring of OT (tocinamide [18]) or the tripeptide tail portion of AVP (18). Thus from the data in Table I, the irAVT observed in the present studies of ovine fetal plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid does not appear to be attributable to any of the known neurohypophysial hormones except AVT or to known degradation products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…In studies using both RIA and HPLC methodology, AVT recently has been identified in the neurohypophysis of mid-term human fetuses (24). Although AVT has also been reported in human newborn cerebrospinal fluid (18,25), the presence of AVT in mammalian circulation has not been investigated. In this study highly sensitive RIA and HPLC-RIA systems were used in the quantification and characterization of irAVT in various biological fluids of fetal sheep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the three antisera have been independently described previously (R-357 [17], R-421 [15], and R-4 [18]), we reexamined cross-reactivity for the synthetic standards used in the HPLC analysis (AVT, AVP, and OT) and for the analogues MT, IT, LVP, and LVT. Comparisons between peptides were made by assessing the ratio of the dose of test hormone yielding 50% displacement of labeled ligand (Bso).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Arginine vasotocin in ovine fetal blood, urine, and amniotic fluid.

Ervin¹,

Leake²,

Ross³

et al. 1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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Arginine vasotocin (18-argininel-oxytocin) (AVT), the primary antidiuretic principle in submammalian vertebrates, has been reported to be present in mammalian pituitary and pineal glands. Although the most phyletically ubiquitous of the known neurohypophysial peptides, AVT is still not recognized as a mammalian hormone. We examined plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid from fetal lambs by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for evidence of AVT to assess the possibility of its being such a hormone. Measureable quantities of AVT-like immunoreactivity (irAVT) were observed in fetal plasma (2.4±0.2 pg/ml), urine (1.4±0.2 pg/ml), and amniotic fluid (1.9±0.2 pg/ml). Since the AVT antiserum shows minimal cross-reactivity with arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT), measurements of AVP and OT concentrations in the same biological fluids also were conducted with specific antisera. The results suggest that the irAVT was not accountable on the basis of cross-reaction. To further verify the identity of the irAVT, a high pressure liquid chromatography system using RIA as a means of detection was developed. This system is sufficiently sensitive to allow the separation and quantitation of picogram quantities of the synthetic peptides AVT, AVP, and OT. In this system, the irAVT in fetal plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid appeared as a single peak coeluting with synthetic AVT. These results indicate that AVT is present in ovine fetal plasma and support the view that the fetus secretes this peptide. The physiological significance of circulating AVT remains to be defined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arginine vasotocin in ovine fetal blood, urine, and amniotic fluid.

Ervin¹,

Leake²,

Ross³

et al. 1985

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Because the cross-reac tivity of the AVT, AVP and OT antisera has been extensively characterized [1,5,8] the RIA data alone indicate that neither the AVT nor the OT-VT immunoreactivity can be attributed to any of the other known neu rohypophysial hormones or any known me tabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radioimmunoassays for AVT, AVP and OT con centrations were performed using three antisera, R-4 [8], R-357 [9], and R-421 [6], developed in New Zea land white rabbits. The cross-reaction of these anti sera with a variety of potential reactants [5,7] and the basic assay procedures employed have been described in detail [5].…”

Section: Radioimmunoassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine Vasotocin and a Novel Oxytocin-Vasotocin-Like Material in Plasma of Human Newborns

et al. 1988

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Plasma of human adults contains an oxytocin, vasotocin-like (OT-VT) immunoreactive material that is estrogen responsive in both males and females and the levels of which are elevated during pregnancy. Although OT-VT is immunoreactive with an antiserum raised against synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT), the elution profile of OT-VT by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is distinct from AVT, arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT). Because the fetus is also exposed to high estrogen levels during pregnancy and AVT has been reported to be present in human fetal pituitaries, cord blood samples from 16 vaginally delivered human newborn infants were examined for evidence of OT-VT and AVT. Analysis of an extracted pool of cord blood plasma by HPLC revealed 4 peaks (I-IV) of AVT-like immunoreactivity. Peaks II and IV coeluted with synthetic AVP and OT, respectively, and were attributable to cross-reaction of the AVT antiserum with these peptides. Peak I was identified as AVT on the basis of its coelution with synthetic AVT. Peak III eluted in a manner identical with OT-VT. These results indicate that human newborn plasma contains at least three neurohypophysial peptides, AVP, OT and AVT. Additionally, newborn plasma contains an AVT-like immunoreactive material that is distinct from AVT, AVP and OT, but is identical with a novel OT-VT material observed in plasma of estrogen-primed adults. The physiological significance of AVT and OT-VT in newborn plasma remains to be determined.

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Fetal lung fluid response to maternal hyperosmolality

Ross

Leake

Ervin

et al. 1986

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Lung fluid production in utero, a significant source of amniotic fluid, may be regulated by the fetus in response to environmental stress. We monitored changes of maternal and fetal plasma osmolality, plasma arginine vasopressin level, and fetal lung fluid production in response to mannitol-induced change in maternal osmolality in five chronically catheterized ovine fetuses. Four additional ewes and their fetuses did not receive mannitol and served as controls. Maternal infusion of 20% mannitol resulted in maternal and subsequent fetal hyperosmolality (changing from 303 +/- 2 to 322 +/- 2 mOsm and 300 +/- 5 to 319 +/- 8 mOsm, respectively), Mean fetal lung fluid production significantly decreased (from 2.6 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.4 ml/10 min), whereas lung fluid osmolality significantly increased (from 298 +/- 2 to 303 +/- 3 mOsm) in the study animals. No changes in lung fluid sodium or potassium concentrations were observed in study or control fetuses. Fetal plasma arginine vasopressin level significantly increased in the study fetuses (2.2 +/- 0.3 to 5.3 +/- 1.6 microU/ml), though not in control animals. These results indicate that the fetal lamb responds to increased osmolality by decreasing lung fluid production, and that there is a concomitant increase in lung fluid osmolality. This response appears to be mediated via increased fetal plasma vasopressin levels.

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Radioimmunoassay of Vasotocin, Vasopressin, and Oxytocin in Human Neonatal Cerebrospinal and Amniotic Fluid

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Arginine vasotocin in ovine fetal blood, urine, and amniotic fluid.

Arginine vasotocin in ovine fetal blood, urine, and amniotic fluid.

Arginine Vasotocin and a Novel Oxytocin-Vasotocin-Like Material in Plasma of Human Newborns

Fetal lung fluid response to maternal hyperosmolality

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