Radioimmunotherapy with radioactive nanoparticles: Biological doses and treatment efficiency for vascularized tumors with or without a central hypoxic area

Abstract

For either small or large solid tumors, BED and SCP calculations highlight the important benefit in replacing the single beta-emitter 90Y attached to each antibody by a 90Y2O3 nanoparticle.

Aberrant Expression of Osteopontin and E-Cadherin Indicates Radiation Resistance and Poor Prognosis for Patients with Cervical Carcinoma

“…However, how osteopontin is associated with biological radiation resistance is uncertain. As osteopontin is thought to be an indicator of endogenous tissue hypoxia response (Bache et al 2006;Hahne et al 2013;Le et al 2003;Said et al 2007;Yang et al 2012) and tumor regrowth after radiotherapy (Solberg et al 2008), we suggest that elevated osteopontin expression in cervical cancer is related to radiation resistance and this is partly due to hypoxia, which affects radiosensitivity- (Avanzo et al 2010;Bouchat et al The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 92.42% and 63.42%, respectively, in patients with low osteopontin expression (n=62) and high osteopontin expression (n=49). There was a significant difference in the overall survival rate between the two groups (p<0.001).…”

Laminin receptor specific therapeutic gold nanoparticles ( 198 AuNP-EGCg) show efficacy in treating prostate cancer

“…On the radiation induced therapeutic front, the following clinical modalities are at the forefront in prostate tumor therapy: (i) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), which encounters problems of precise dose delivery and complexity of treatment planning (6); (ii) proton therapy, which exploits dose distributions of the Bragg peak effect which has shown some superiority to IMRT, but is hampered by the staggering costs of building and maintaining the facilities (7); (iii) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early-stage prostate cancer treatment, which exploits the alpha/ beta ratio typical of slow growing malignancies, diminishes the volume of rectum and bladder irradiated during conformal therapy, but shows only an average of 20% decrease in prostate tumor volume (8); (iv) Brachy therapy, which uses iodine-125 or palladium-103 radioactive seeds and Y-90 immobilized glass microspheres (Therasphere™), have drawbacks associated with limited retention of therapeutic payloads and also result in significant leakage from tumor sites because of size differentials (9). The brachy seeds are in the 50-100 micron size range whereas tumor vasculature allows 150-300 nm, thereby prohibiting effective penetration of radioactive seeds within prostate tumor vasculature and consequently minimizing therapeutic payloads at tumor sites; and (v) External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), which is being used for androgen ablation has shown an average 20% decrease in prostate tumor volume (10).Radioactive nanotechnology is poised to play a pivotal role in molecular imaging and therapy of cancers because inherently therapeutic nanoparticles can be created and designed to match the sizes of tumor vasculature so that optimal therapeutic payloads with minimum leakage away from target sites can be achieved (11,12). Nanoscale imaging agents, tumor specific nanosensors, and highly effective therapeutic nanoprobes, derived from radioactive metallic nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials, have already demonstrated "proof of concept" for diagnosis, imaging and treatment of many cancers at the cellular and molecular levels (13,14).…”

“…Radioactive nanotechnology is poised to play a pivotal role in molecular imaging and therapy of cancers because inherently therapeutic nanoparticles can be created and designed to match the sizes of tumor vasculature so that optimal therapeutic payloads with minimum leakage away from target sites can be achieved (11,12). Nanoscale imaging agents, tumor specific nanosensors, and highly effective therapeutic nanoprobes, derived from radioactive metallic nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials, have already demonstrated "proof of concept" for diagnosis, imaging and treatment of many cancers at the cellular and molecular levels (13,14).…”

A model of cellular dosimetry for macroscopic tumors in radiopharmaceutical therapy

“…The TCP as an important dosimetric end point criterion, arguably the most important criterion, has been extensively discussed, 2,7,13,[37][38][39][40] mostly theoretically, including more recently by Bouchat et al 41 who introduce the concept of SCP or shell control probability as a radial dependent TCP. Traditionally, Monte Carlo models are made based on S-values decomposed into self-dose and cross-dose terms.…”