Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements

Johansen, Geir Anton; Jackson, Peter

doi:10.1002/0470021098

Cited by 83 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Consequently during transportation through initial section L 1 , provided the same axial velocity of that grain, as the most in the vicinity. In practice, the L 1 distance may vary from several centimeters to meters, depending on accuracy demanded and turbulence of the flow [5,6]. After fulfilling that condition, the residence time t in the pipe section between S 1 and S 2 allows determining the local axial velocity v L of the marked grain representing the solid phase, according to:…”

Section: Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of radiotracers experiments in mass transfer processes

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The greatest part of industrial mass transfer is based on continuous transportation of different substances throughout especially constructed installations. In that kind of practice, a flow of such mass in each part determines the process unit and can be described by the residence time distribution (RTD) of the substance inside this unit. This parameter may be evaluated by the properly arranged tracer experiment. It is worthwhile to notice that flow components are labeling for a sufficiently long time for offering a lot of advanced techniques fitted to the particular circumstances.

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Section: Velocity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of radiotracers experiments in mass transfer processes

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover in connection with the calibration, one may obtain the density or solid phase concentration plot [2,7].…”

Section: (T)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioisotope method of compound flow analysis

Petryka

Zych

Hanus

et al. 2015

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The paper presents gamma radiation application to analysis of a multicomponent or multiphase flow. Such information as a selected component content in the mixture transported through pipe is crucial in many industrial or laboratory installations. Properly selected sealed radioactive source and collimators, deliver the photon beam, penetrating cross section of the flow. Detectors mounted at opposite to the source side of the pipe, allow recording of digital signals representing composition of the stream. In the present development of electronics, detectors and computer software, a significant progress in know-how of this field may be observed. The paper describes application of this method to optimization and control of hydrotransport of solid particles and propose monitoring facilitating prevent of a pipe clogging or dangerous oscillations.

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“…In performing a scan of a distillation column or a similar reservoir, a small and adequately sealed source of gamma rays, with an appropriate collimator, is placed on one side of the column and a sensitive radiation detector is placed on the opposite side (Knoll, 2000). A collimated beam of gamma rays passes through the column wall, is affected by the column internals and hydraulic conditions, and passes through the other side.…”

Section: Measurement and Physical Principles Of Gamma Scanningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioisotope Technology as Applied to Petrochemical Industry

Alami¹,

Bensitel²

2012

Petrochemicals

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Gamma Scanning is the best technique to carry out an internal inspection of distillation columns, vessels and pipes without interrupting production. The gamma-ray scanning technique is widely used for evaluating the operating characteristics of distillation columns considered as the most critical components in petrochemical plants. Gamma-ray scanning provides essential data to optimize the performance of the columns and to identify maintenance requirements.Gamma Scanning is a very effective, well established, troubleshooting technique. This powerful diagnostic tool, which has been used for decades, has become popular as it allows inspection of the distillation column components without interrupting operation. In comparison to other non-destructive control techniques used in practice, gamma-ray scanning provides, in real time, the clearest vision of the production conditions inside a process reservoir. It is also cost-effective, particularly when compared to lost production ).Gamma scanning can help diagnose and solve approximately 70% of column problems encountered at refinery and petrochemical sites. For other cases, it allows resources to be www.intechopen.com Petrochemicals 154 focused on finding the true source of the problem by eliminating inadequate possible scenarios. It provides essential data to optimize the performance, track any deteriorating effects and identify the maintenance requirements of a distillation column so that it significantly reduces repair downtime (Alami, 2009). Main problems met on distillation columnsThe hydraulic capacity of trayed distillation columns is always limited by either a high liquid entrainment, or by an overload of downcomers. The technology of high capacity trays deals with these two fundamental limits by reducing the entrainment or by releasing the loads of downcomers. Both are generally connected ). Liquid entrainmentThe entrainment can be defined as the physical rise of droplets, provoked by the ascending flow of vapour. The vapour tends to hoist droplets upward, while the gravity tends to pull them downward. If the vapour speed is relatively high, then the entrainment can surpass the gravity and some droplets can be transported from a tray to the tray above. The entrainment can be also seen as the excessive accumulation of liquid on trays, which is led by the ascending transport of liquid from a tray to the other one by the current of ascending gas.A high liquid entrainment can lead directly to a column flooding called "flooding jet". It can also end in it indirectly by increasing the liquid load until reaching the limit of the downcomer, putting in danger the efficiency of separation. Consequently the reflux flow of the column is increased, increasing more the global liquid flow.The devices of contact between liquid and vapour in the distillation and absorption columns which we meet most generally are trays with sieves and with valves and, in a more or less large extent, of trays with bubble caps. The capacity of retention of these trays is mostly limited by the p...

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Radioisotope Gauges for Industrial Process Measurements

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Improvement of radiotracers experiments in mass transfer processes

Improvement of radiotracers experiments in mass transfer processes

Radioisotope method of compound flow analysis

Radioisotope Technology as Applied to Petrochemical Industry

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