Radiolarian tests as microhabitats for novel benthic foraminifera: Observations from the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific (Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone)

Goineau, Aurélie; Gooday, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.011

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…considered only part of the collection. Most other studies in the CCZ have likewise addressed selected components of the foraminiferal faunas2021222324. Our study of ‘entire’ assemblages is closest to that of Nozawa et al 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…One popular idea invokes the patch dynamics49 whereby seafloor heterogeneity arising from patchy food inputs and physical disturbances supports assemblages of species at different successional stages within a relatively small area47. We have previously suggested that radiolarian tests represent an important source of habitat heterogeneity for small foraminifera at sub-centimetre scales in the UK-1 area and presumably other parts of the equatorial Pacific20. The activities of metazoans will create additional heterogeneity47.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each of these sieve fractions (i.e. 150–300 μm and >300 μm) was stained overnight with Rose Bengal (1 g in 1 litre of tap water) and all stained foraminifera, including the soft-shelled species as well as obviously stained forms living inside radiolarian tests20, were hand-picked from the residues in water under a binocular microscope. In order to ensure that stained specimens contained protoplasm and/or fresh stercomata, they were placed on a glass cavity slide in glycerol for observation under an Olympus BH-2 compound microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

Goineau

Gooday

2017

Sci Rep

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The benthic biota of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (CCZ, abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific) is the focus of a major research effort linked to possible future mining of polymetallic nodules. Within the framework of ABYSSLINE, a biological baseline study conducted on behalf of Seabed Resources Development Ltd. in the UK-1 exploration contract area (eastern CCZ, ~4,080 m water depth), we analysed foraminifera (testate protists), including ‘live’ (Rose Bengal stained) and dead tests, in 5 cores (0–1 cm layer, >150-μm fraction) recovered during separate megacorer deployments inside a 30 by 30 km seafloor area. In both categories (live and dead) we distinguished between complete and fragmented specimens. The outstanding feature of these assemblages is the overwhelming predominance of monothalamids, a group often ignored in foraminiferal studies. These single-chambered foraminifera, which include agglutinated tubes, spheres and komokiaceans, represented 79% of 3,607 complete tests, 98% of 1,798 fragments and 76% of the 416 morphospecies (live and dead combined) in our samples. Only 3.1% of monothalamid species and 9.8% of all species in the UK-1 assemblages are scientifically described and many are rare (29% singletons). Our results emphasise how little is known about foraminifera in abyssal areas that may experience major impacts from future mining activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

Goineau

Gooday

2017

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“…The specificity of microhabit selection is quite remarkable and includes sites as small and inaccessible as the interior of planktonic foraminifera and radiolarians (Gooday et al, 2013;Goineau and Gooday, 2015). H. apta is among those very discerning species when it comes to microhabitat selection, as attachment to fine-sized grains (0.2-1.8 mm) was a requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly, monothalamous foraminifera constitute up to 60 % of the specimens present in some of the collections from the Beaufort-Mackenzie area. These single-chambered foraminifera have received attention lately because of their basal (primitive) position in the evolutionary history of foraminifera (Goldstein, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a grain of sand – a microhabitat for the opportunistic agglutinated foraminifera <i>Hemisphaerammina apta</i> n. sp., from the early Eocene Arctic Ocean

McNeil

Neville

2018

J. Micropalaeontol.

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Abstract. Hemisphaerammina apta n. sp. is an attached monothalamous agglutinated foraminifera discovered in shelf sediments of the early Eocene Arctic Ocean. It is a simple yet distinctive component of the endemic agglutinated foraminiferal assemblage that colonized the Arctic Ocean after the microfaunal turnover caused by the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Associated foraminifera are characterized by a high percentage of monothalamous species (up to 60 %) and are entirely agglutinated indicating a brackish (mesohaline) early Eocene Arctic Ocean. Hemisphaerammina apta occurs exclusively as individuals attached to fine detrital grains (0.2 to 1.8 mm) of sediment. It is a small species (0.06 to 0.2 mm in diameter), fine-grained, with a low hemispherical profile, no floor across the attachment area, no substantive marginal flange, no internal structures, and no aperture. Lacking an aperture, it apparently propagated and fed through minute (micrometre-sized) interstitial pores in the test wall. Attachment surfaces vary from concave to convex and rough to smooth. Grains for attachment are diverse in shape and type but are predominantly of quartz and chert. The presence of H. apta in the early Eocene was an opportunistic response to an environment with an active hydrological system (storm events). Attachment to grains of sand would provide a more stable base on a sea floor winnowed by storm-generated currents. Active transport is indicated by the relative abundance of reworked foraminifera mixed with in situ species. Contemporaneous reworking and colonization by H. apta is suggested by its attachment to a reworked specimen of Cretaceous foraminifera.

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Loricifera inhabiting spherical agglutinated structures in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific nodule fields

2019

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Loriciferans are known to survive in extreme environments, most notably in the case of a recently described Spinoloricus species from a hypersaline anoxic Mediterranean basin. Our new discovery of members of the genus Rugiloricus inside spherical agglutinated structures from sediment samples collected in the manganese nodules fields of the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ, abyssal equatorial Pacific) demonstrates that these tiny animals are able to spring fresh surprises. Nearly all developmental stages of an undescribed Rugiloricus species were found inside the spheres, from the first instar larva and large free larva to the two stages of the postlarva inside the larval exuvium. Only the adults were missing. The spheres themselves were almost certainly not created by the loriciferans. Their origin is unclear, although similar agglutinated structures from the same study area contain cells that resemble monothalamous foraminifera, suggesting that they are possibly made by foraminifera. One of our CCZ samples also yielded a single free specimen of the loriciferan genus Pliciloricus that was not hidden inside an agglutinated structure. This specimen is particularly interesting because, like nested Russian dolls, it has all stages inside the larval exuvium: first the larval exuvium itself with the two toes, then a very thin postlarval exuvium, and finally the adult male with two testes filled with mature spermatozoa.

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Radiolarian tests as microhabitats for novel benthic foraminifera: Observations from the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific (Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone)

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

On a grain of sand – a microhabitat for the opportunistic agglutinated foraminifera <i>Hemisphaerammina apta</i> n. sp., from the early Eocene Arctic Ocean

Loricifera inhabiting spherical agglutinated structures in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific nodule fields

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Radiolarian tests as microhabitats for novel benthic foraminifera: Observations from the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific (Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone)

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

Novel benthic foraminifera are abundant and diverse in an area of the abyssal equatorial Pacific licensed for polymetallic nodule exploration

On a grain of sand – a microhabitat for the opportunistic agglutinated foraminifera &lt;i&gt;Hemisphaerammina apta&lt;/i&gt; n. sp., from the early Eocene Arctic Ocean

Loricifera inhabiting spherical agglutinated structures in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific nodule fields

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On a grain of sand – a microhabitat for the opportunistic agglutinated foraminifera <i>Hemisphaerammina apta</i> n. sp., from the early Eocene Arctic Ocean