Radiologic Manifestations of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Abstract

COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was soon declared a pandemic. Although different complications have been reported following coronavirus infection, lung involvement is the most important cause of death. In many cases, the disease eventually subsides; however, major short-and longterm complications may persist in a minority. Lung fibrosis, secondary bacterial and fungal infections, cardiovascular involvement such as myocarditis, pericarditis and pulmonary artery emboli may occur in the acute phase or present as a sequel. Different imaging modalities, especially chest CT scan, have an essential role in the initial diagnosis and can be used to monitor the clinical course of the disease, evaluate the response to treatment, and detect possible complications. This article reviews the major pulmonary and cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19 infection, focusing on their radiologic manifestations. Familiarity with such diagnostic imaging hallmarks is crucial for early diagnosis and optimal patient management and prevention or reduction of mortality.

Applying Parse’s Human Becoming Theory for Caring of an Elderly with Spontaneous Pneumothorax Following the COVID-19: A Case Study

“… 1 This disease quickly became a pandemic and, despite many efforts to control it, it continues to cause deaths. 2 People who have a history of underlying diseases and old age are at high risk of contracting this disease. 3 The elderly are one of the main groups at risk of contracting COVID-19.…”

“…The Lung is the main organ involved in COVID-19 infection. 2 Usually, the coronavirus first causes an infection in the respiratory ciliated mucus in the throat and nose, which causes cold-like symptoms. 6 There are many complications related to the coronavirus, such as acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, shock, and multi-organ failure.…”