Radiological and pathological characteristics of synovial hemangioma of the knee

Abstract

Synovial hemangioma, a rare benign tumor that occurs most frequently in the knee in children and young adults, has four histological subtypes: Venous, arteriovenous, cavernous and capillary hemangiomas. Since the clinical presentation and radiological findings of synovial hemangioma are non-specific, there is frequently a long period between the onset and the diagnosis. The cases of nine patients, pathologically diagnosed with synovial hemangioma and surgically treated, were retrospectively analyzed. All nine patients had persistent knee pain. In addition, three patients also had a swollen knee with intra-articular hemorrhage. Plain radiography revealed intra-articular phleboliths in two patients. In seven patients, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed low signal intensity with small signal voids. On T2-weighted imaging, all patients showed high signal intensity containing small signal voids. All patients underwent surgical excision; there was no postoperative recurrence after the final operation, and the knee pain had disappeared at the final follow-up. From the pathological findings, the diagnoses were venous hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma and capillary hemangioma (three patients each).

Venous Malformation in the Anterior Mediastinum

“…Venous hemangiomas exhibit thickened vascular smooth muscle and a dilated vascular lumen, whereas cavernous hemangiomas lack vascular smooth muscles and capillary hemangiomas have a small vascular lumen. The size of the intratumoral vascular lumen varies depending on the hemangioma subtype [5]. In the mediastinum, VMs and hemangiomas are sometimes used synonymously, with most reports referring to them as hemangiomas.…”

Knee joint pain caused by synovial hemangioma: A case report

“…It is thought by some scholars that, aside from the knee pain, there may also be limited joint activity and recurrent joint swelling and effusion [ 4 ]. Due to its rarity in clinical settings, synovial hemangioma does not have any specific clinical manifestations, thus diagnosis requires a combination of history, clinical presentation, and imaging examination, with the final diagnosis depending on pathological examination [ 5 ]. Pathologically, synovial hemangioma of the knee joint is characterized by an increase in blood vessels, deposition of hemosiderin, and synovial proliferation.…”

“…It leads to knee joint pain, swelling, and limited mobility [ 2 ]. Due to its clinical rarity and lack of distinctive clinical manifestations, diagnosis relies on pathological examination [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Since pathological examination is not a prioritized method and patients with this condition lack characteristic medical histories and clinical presentations, this report primarily summarizes its radiological features, distinguishes it from similar diseases, aims to enhance awareness of this condition, improves its diagnostic rate, and prevents misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.…”

Synovial haemangioma of the knee

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Iznimno je rijedak i čini samo 0,07% svih tumora mekih tkiva, odnosno 0,78% svih hemangioma. 9 Za SH je tipično da zahvaća samo jedan zglob, a gotovo kod svih bolesnika to je koljeno. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] No, opisana je pojava SH i u ručnom zglobu, laktu, te gležnju.…”