Radiological and physicochemical properties of drinking waters consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Kurnaz, Aslı; Turhan, Şeref; Alzaridi, F.M.N.S.; Bakır, Temelkan

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07736-6

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, the levels of 40 K generally were not considered in assessing radiological hazards to health caused by radionuclides in drinking water. 18 , 31 The activity concentrations of 40 K measured in the investigated BMW samples varied from 3.80 to 14.80 Bq/L with an average of 4.26 Bq/L. The frequency distribution of concentrations of 40 K shows the log-normal distribution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The BMW samples were kept for at least one month to achieve a secular equilibrium between 226 Ra and 222 Rn and 228 Ra and 228 Ac. 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full energy peak (FEP) efficiency calibration of the HPGe detector was performed using the standard solution prepared from natural uranium (RGU-1) purchased from the IAEA. The details of the procedures for the preparation of the standard solution are given in the study carried out by Kurnaz et al 31 The standard solution was placed on the detector and counted until good statistics. The γ-ray lines (photopeaks) of 63.3, 186.2, 295.2, 351.9, 609.3, and 1764.5 keV in equilibrium with 226 Ra were used for the efficiency calibration of the detectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiological risk associated with ingestion of each BMW sample was assessed by estimating the annual effective ingestion dose and excess lifetime cancer risk. The AED (in μSv/y) was estimated using the following formula 31 where A is the activity concentration of the radionuclides (Bq/L), DCF is the dose conversion factor for ingestion, and CW is the annual consumption of BMW per capita (L/y). The DCF values for 226 Ra, 228 Ra, and 40 K are taken as 2.8 × 10 –7 , 6.9 × 10 –7 , and 6.2 × 10 –9 Sv/Bq, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the γ-ray spectrometric measurements, each BMW sample was transferred to a polystyrene sample container whose geometry and size were the same as the reference source prepared for detector efficiency. 31 Then, each sample container was tightly wrapped with Teflon tape to seal the radon ( 222 Rn) gas. The BMW samples were kept for at least one month to achieve a secular equilibrium between 226 Ra and 222 Rn and 228 Ra and 228 Ac.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

et al. 2022

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Bottled natural mineral water (BMW) consumption in Turkey is increasing every year. Depending on the local geology from which the water is extracted, BMW could be enhanced with natural radionuclides. In this study, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 58 BMW samples of 25 different brands marketed in Turkey were measured using a γ-ray spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Ra, and 40 K in BMW samples were found as 0.4, 0.5, and 4.3 Bq/L, respectively. The activity concentrations of 228 Ra exceeded the WHO-recommended maximum permissible limit of 0.1 Bq/L for drinking water. The annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (LCR) caused by the ingestion of each BMW sample were estimated for adults to assess radiological risks using two different scenarios based on BMW consumption rates (150 and 13 L/y). All estimated total AEDs, except for two samples, were below the guidance dose level of 100 μSv/y recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkish regulations for drinking water. For all BMW brands, 228 Ra was found as the main contributor to the AEDs. The LCR values were lower than the acceptable value of 10 –3 for radiological risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The BMW samples were kept for at least one month to achieve a secular equilibrium between 226 Ra and 222 Rn and 228 Ra and 228 Ac. 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

et al. 2022

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Evaluation of terrestrial radionuclide levels and concomitant radiological risks of bentonites used in many industries

Kurnaz

Turhan

Metin

et al. 2022

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Heat Production Rate and Radiation Hazard Indices from Radioactive Elements in Different Types of Natural Water in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.

Al-sofy

Al-jomaily

2023

Baghdad Sci.J

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The current study sheds light on the measurement and estimation of the radioactivity of radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40k) in natural waters of different regions of Nineveh Governorate in Iraq.15 samples were collected from different sources of natural waters, where gamma-ray spectroscopy was used using NaI)TI) sodium iodide detector to determine the concentration of radioactivity in the samples. According to the results, the radioactivity concentration in the tested water sample were ranged from 0.36 ± 0.04-1.57 ± 0.09with an average value of 0.69 ± 0.06 Bq/l for 238U, and 2.9 ± 0.02-0.88 ± 0.03 with an average value of 0.65 ± 0.03 Bq/l for 226Ra Bq/l, and 0.48 ± 0.04-1.36 ± 0.06 with an average value of 0.88 ± 0.05 Bq/l for 232Th, while for 40K 13.00 ± 0.69-36.89 ± 1.12 with an average value of 25.1 ± 0.95 Bq/l, respectively. The results obtained from the water samples are below the safe and standard limits established by UNSCEAR. In addition to calculating the radiological hazard indicators that included Radium equivalent (Raeq), air absorbed dose rate (Dγ), effective annual equivalent dose rate (AEDE), indoor and outdoor radiation hazard (H) indices, lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), gonadotropin equivalent dose (AGDE), and ideal level index of gamma rays (Iγ) has been calculated. To verify its deleterious character. On the other hand, the results showed that the rate of heat production values ranged between 0.006-0.0015 µW/m3, which indicates a low rate of heat production and does not affect the temperature of the Earth's crust. Finally, In addition to physicochemical parameters such as PH, dissolved solids TDS, and electrical conductivity Ec. All tested data are within the permissible limit of WHO standards. The results of the current study can be used to provide essential baseline data for future epidemiological investigations and surveillance programs in the areas under study.

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Radiological and physicochemical properties of drinking waters consumed in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

Evaluation of terrestrial radionuclide levels and concomitant radiological risks of bentonites used in many industries

Heat Production Rate and Radiation Hazard Indices from Radioactive Elements in Different Types of Natural Water in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq.

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