Radiological and Structural Characterization of Raw and Alkali-Activated Wood Ash and Metakaolin Blends

Abstract

The aim of the presented research was to investigate the application possibility of wood ash and metakaolin to obtain alkali-activated materials as relatively new materials in the building industry. Thus, in order to assess the adequate use of these waste materials, structural and radiological characteristics should be considered. Until now, the focus has been on ash from thermal power plants produced by burning coal, but a large part of households in our country have individual fireplaces in which wood is used as the basic raw material; thus, it is very interesting to measure the activity concentration of radionuclide in wood ash as well as the possibility of reusing that ash for other purposes. All materials were studied, in terms of physical and chemical characteristics, by methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). XRD measurements of wood ash samples showed that it consists of calcite and larnite. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a polymeric Si–O–Al framework in alkali-activated materials and Si–O bonding bands corresponding to silicon dioxide. Determination of radionuclide content was performed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. Results showed that the alkaline activation process led to the decrease in the activity concentration of radionuclides detected in the measured samples. External radiation hazard index (Hex) for wood ash was reduced by more than 50% after alkali activation. The results of activity concentration measurements in alkali-activated materials indicate potential for their safe application in building construction.

Adsorption Efficiency of Cadmium (II) by Different Alkali-Activated Materials

“…To produce alkali-activated materials (AAMs), the solid precursors fly ash (FA), wood ash (WA), and metakaolin (MK) were employed. Metakaolin was obtained after thermal treatment of kaolin (Rudovci, Serbia) in a laboratory furnace until 750 • C (heating rate 10 • /min, and soaking time 1 h at this elevated temperature), and after that spontaneously cooling at room temperature [81,82]. Fly ash was obtained as a byproduct of lignite combustion at the thermal power plant "Nikola Tesla" in Obrenovac, Serbia, while the obtained wood ash resulted from burning oak trees in individual fireplaces.…”