Radiological, epidemiological and clinical patterns of pulmonary viral infections

Abstract

Respiratory viruses are the most common causes of acute respiratory infections. However, identification of the underlying viral pathogen may not always be easy. Clinical presentations of respiratory viral infections usually overlap and may mimic those of diseases caused by bacteria. However, certain imaging morphologic patterns may suggest a particular viral pathogen as the cause of the infection. Although definitive diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of clinical or imaging features alone, the use of a combination of clinical and radiographic findings can substantially improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to present the clinical, epidemiological and radiological patterns of lower respiratory tract viral pathogens providing a comprehensive approach for their diagnosis and identification in hospitals and community outbreaks.

Application Potential of Luteolin in the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia

“…Respiratory viruses can target ciliated epithelial cells, alveolar cells, or lung immune cells to directly cause lung tissue damage, and they can also destroy the balance between the elimination of viruses and the protection of normal tissues in the immune system, thus mediating immune damage [45]. CT fndings indicate that the characteristics of viral pneumonia include consolidation or ground-glass infltrates of lung tissue, necrosis and exfoliation of bronchial epithelium, thickening of the bronchial wall, alveolar edema, and fbrin exudation, and so on [71,72]. Luteolin not only directly inhibits viruses and prevents cytokine storms but also has extensive protective and immune regulatory efects on lung tissues.…”

Radiological and Imaging Evidence in the Diagnosis and Management of Microbial Infections: An Update

“…Other viruses that can infect lungs, like Herpes virus (multifocal areas of segmental or sub-segmental GGO are observed; pleural effusion is frequent), varicella zoster virus (VZV) (well-defined nodules (1-10 mm) with a halo of GGOs and calcified lesions), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (lymphadenopathies and less frequently interstitial infiltrates with diffuse GGOs and consolidations) were also differentiated based on the characteristic CT findings [ 47 , 48 ].…”

An algorithm combining procalcitonin and lung ultrasound improves the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in critically ill children: The PROLUSP study, a randomized clinical trial

“…24,46,47 2.5 | CXR procedure CXR was interpreted by a senior consulting radiologist who specializes in pediatrics and has dedicated his entire 15-year career to this field, with a special focus on pediatric pulmonary pathologies. The different patterns and the diagnosis of BP and VP were based on previous publications 48 : BP pattern 49,50 was based on the presence of a consolidation that may present or not air bronchogram; VP pattern 51,52 was based on the presence of per-bronchial infiltrates, peri-bronchial cuffing, peri-bronchial thickening, or increased interstitial markings; atelectasis pattern 53 was based on the presence of peripheral linear opacities that may associate decreased lung volume.…”