Radiological features of azygos and hemiazygos continuation of inferior vena cava

Liu, Yin; Guo, Dan; Li, Jie; Zhang, Xuebin; He, Jian; Huang, Mei; Dai, Jinghong; Cai, Hourong

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010546

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Interruption of the IVC has an estimated prevalence of 0.6–2% [5, 6] in the presence of cardiac anomalies and less than 0.3% in healthy patients [7]. Most patients with IVC anomalies are asymptomatic when associated with the persistence of azygos/hemiazygos system as in our fourth case; however, in young patients, they could present with acute symptoms of deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins, varicocele [8], as the third patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities

Dávalos

Muñoz

Cornejo

et al. 2019

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are caused by an abnormal persistence or regression of embryonic precursor veins; they are usually incidental findings on imaging studies. These rare conditions have a 0.6% prevalence in individuals with congenital heart diseases and 0.3% in healthy patients. The purpose of this paper was to report two cases of interruption of IVC with hemiazygos continuation and its implications during surgery, highlighting that after recognizing this anomalous drainage the surgeon should be prepared to change the surgical strategies, especially in cardiovascular surgery, in order to obtain adequate circulatory flows or surgical exposure where venous cannulation could be difficult. We have also reported two cases of healthy patients with the same isolated IVC anomaly with no clinical repercussions, which can develop in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities

Dávalos

Muñoz

Cornejo

et al. 2019

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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“…Literature described IVC abnormal anatomies and showed 14 different variants, in some cases more than one variant can coexist [3, 9, 10]. However, azygos vein continuation of IVC is a rare variant accounts for 0.6% of the cases [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Benign Cause of an Alarming Finding on Chest-X ray: A Case Report of Widened Mediastinum due to Rare Congenital Abnormality (Azygos Vein Continuation of Inferior Vena Cava)

Hanna

Elshimy

Ismail

2019

Case Reports in Critical Care

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Acute widened mediastinum is an alarming finding. It has many possible differential diagnoses; aortic dissection (AD) is considered one that carries catastrophic outcomes. AD is relatively uncommon; it requires early and accurate diagnosis and treatment for better patient survival. However, acute mediastinal widening also can be present in more benign conditions. We report a case of a 50-year-old African American female with postoperative shortness of breath; initial imaging studies revealed an acute widened mediastinum, but on further management with diuresis and follow-up imaging, she was diagnosed with azygous vein continuation of the Inferior vena cava (IVC). This is considered as a rare benign cause of wide mediastinum. Clinicians must be aware of the presence of such a benign cause when dealing with acute wide mediastinum.

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“…Since the advent of multimodality imaging this entity is now being increasingly recognized in otherwise asymptomatic patients [24]. It is important to recognize the enlarged azygos vein at the confluence with the SVC and in the retrocrural space to avoid misdiagnosis as a right-sided paratracheal mass or retrocrural adenopathy [25]. Preoperative knowledge of the anatomy may be important in planning cardiopulmonary bypass and to avoid difficulties in cardiac catheterization.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2020 Case of the Week series

Johnson

Mandell

Christopher

et al. 2021

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

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The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is an international society focused on the research, education, and clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Case of the week is a case series hosted on the SCMR website (https://www.scmr.org) that demonstrates the utility and importance of CMR in the clinical diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Each case consists of the clinical presentation and a discussion of the condition and the role of CMR in diagnosis and guiding clinical management. The cases are all instructive and helpful in the approach to patient management. We present a digital archive of the 2020 Case of the Week series of 11 cases as a means of further enhancing the education of those interested in CMR and as a means of more readily identifying these cases using a PubMed or similar search engine.

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Radiological features of azygos and hemiazygos continuation of inferior vena cava

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities

Abnormal development of the inferior vena cava and its implications on distal venous drainage during cardiac surgery and other clinical entities

An Unusual Benign Cause of an Alarming Finding on Chest-X ray: A Case Report of Widened Mediastinum due to Rare Congenital Abnormality (Azygos Vein Continuation of Inferior Vena Cava)

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2020 Case of the Week series

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