Radiological Incidence of Unilateral Pulmonary Edema After Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Unilateral pulmonary edema following minimally invasive cardiac surgery: keeping both eyes maximally open

“…[ 4 , 6 ]. Echocardiographic findings such as pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, significant right ventricular dysfunction and a pathological right pulmonary vein Doppler profile are additionally associated with UPE [ 1 , 4 – 6 ]. A study by Khalil et al .…”

“…Nevertheless, a range of preoperative risk factors for UPE have received attention: advanced age, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, elevated leucocyte count, serum creatinine and C-reactive protein, etc. [4,6]. Echocardiographic findings such as pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, significant right ventricular dysfunction and a pathological right pulmonary vein Doppler profile are additionally associated with UPE [1,[4][5][6].…”

“…[4,6]. Echocardiographic findings such as pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, significant right ventricular dysfunction and a pathological right pulmonary vein Doppler profile are additionally associated with UPE [1,[4][5][6]. A study by Khalil et al also identified that patients receiving calcium channel blockers, diuretics and corticosteroids were also at an accentuated risk of UPE [6].…”

“…Echocardiographic findings such as pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%, significant right ventricular dysfunction and a pathological right pulmonary vein Doppler profile are additionally associated with UPE [1,[4][5][6]. A study by Khalil et al also identified that patients receiving calcium channel blockers, diuretics and corticosteroids were also at an accentuated risk of UPE [6]. Specific to the intraoperative period, fresh frozen plasma transfusion, OLV, invasive mitral valve surgery, especially a robotic approach, use of catecholamines, long surgical duration and CPB or cross-clamp times have been implicated with an increased incidence of UPE [4][5][6].…”

“…A study by Khalil et al also identified that patients receiving calcium channel blockers, diuretics and corticosteroids were also at an accentuated risk of UPE [6]. Specific to the intraoperative period, fresh frozen plasma transfusion, OLV, invasive mitral valve surgery, especially a robotic approach, use of catecholamines, long surgical duration and CPB or cross-clamp times have been implicated with an increased incidence of UPE [4][5][6].…”