Radiological protection revisited—the story continues

Rühm, W.; Cool, D.A.; Clement, C. H.

doi:10.1007/s00411-021-00949-z

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…É sabido que programas educacionais aumentam o conhecimento e melhoram as práticas relacionadas aos relatos de reações adversas a medicamentos (18) . A educação quanto à radiação é necessária, especialmente para enfermeiros que trabalham fora de departamentos radiológicos, de modo sensibilizar trabalhadores quanto à radiação e estimular uma cultura de segurança (19) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Nurses’ knowledge and practice toward computed tomography safety protocols

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice toward computed tomography scan safety guidelines. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 131 nurses from two government hospitals. Self-designed questionnaire was used to assess nurses’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate characteristics, correlations were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the Mann-Whitney U and the Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to compare the mean ranks of knowledge and practice scores. Results: most respondents were female (91.6%), were aged 20–29 years (57.3%), and had bachelor’s degrees (74%). Knowledge and practice levels were 58% and 78.9% respectively. A positive correlation between knowledge and practice was observed among nurses (r=0.684, p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge and practice scores. Conclusion: nurses showed adequate level of practice toward computed tomography scan safety preparations while their knowledge level was deficient. Contributions to practice: this study informs the importance of knowledge in guiding nursing practice toward appropriate computed tomography scan safety measures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionunclassified

Nurses’ knowledge and practice toward computed tomography safety protocols

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further studies are clearly needed to epidemiologically determine the shape of the dose response curve, biologically determine mechanisms, biologically characterize manifestations at wide-ranging dose and dose rate, and to integrate knowledge from epidemiology and biology leading to developments of AOPs and BBDR models. For this purpose, continued funding mechanisms would be indispensable ( 220 , 276 , 277 ).…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Hamada

2023

Radiation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For radiation protection purposes, noncancer effects with a threshold-type dose-response relationship have been classified as tissue reactions (formerly called nonstochastic or deterministic effects), and equivalent dose limits aim to prevent occurrence of such tissue reactions. Accumulating evidence demonstrates increased risks for several late occurring noncancer effects at doses and dose rates much lower than previously considered. In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement on tissue reactions to recommend a threshold of 0.5 Gy to the lens of the eye for cataracts and to the heart and brain for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), independent of dose rate. Literature published thereafter continues to provide updated knowledge. Increased risks for cataracts below 0.5 Gy have been reported in several cohorts (e.g., including in those receiving protracted or chronic exposures). A dose threshold for cataracts is less evident with longer follow-up, with limited evidence available for risk of cataract removal surgery. There is emerging evidence for risk of normal-tension glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but the long-held tenet that the lens represents among the most radiosensitive tissues in the eye and in the body seems to remain unchanged. For DCS, increased risks have been reported in various cohorts, but the existence or otherwise of a dose threshold is unclear. The level of risk is less uncertain at lower dose and lower dose rate, with the possibility that risk per unit dose is greater at lower doses and dose rates. Target organs and tissues for DCS are also unknown, but may include heart, large blood vessels and kidneys. Identification of potential factors (e.g., sex, age, lifestyle factors, coexposures, comorbidities, genetics and epigenetics) that may modify radiation risk of cataracts and DCS would be important. Other noncancer effects on the radar include neurological effects (e.g., Parkinsonŉs disease and dementia) of which elevated risk has increasingly been reported. These late occurring noncancer effects tend to deviate from the definition of tissue reactions, necessitating more scientific developments to reconsider the radiation effect classification system and risk management. This paper gives an overview of historical developments made in ICRP prior to the 2011 statement and an update on relevant developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement.

show abstract

“…Since its foundation in 1928, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has occasionally revised recommendations for radiological protection (Rühm et al 2021). However, the current system of radiological protection (SRP) is closely linked to use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) theory for low-dose radiation caused health detriment (mainly related to cancer) and therefore promotes radiation phobia, which has harmed many [e.g., abortions following the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (Lindberg and Archer 2022) and severe stress-related harm for elderly Fukushima nuclear accident evacuees (Sutou 2016)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revised System of Radiological Protection Is Needed

Scott

2024

Health Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The system of radiological protection has been based on linear no-threshold theory and related dose-response models for health detriment (in part related to cancer induction) by ionizing radiation exposure for almost 70 y. The indicated system unintentionally promotes radiation phobia, which has harmed many in relationship to the Fukushima nuclear accident evacuations and led to some abortions following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Linear no-threshold model users (mainly epidemiologists) imply that they can reliably assess the cancer excess relative risk (likely none) associated with tens or hundreds of nanogray (nGy) radiation doses to an organ (e.g., bone marrow); for 1,000 nGy, the excess relative risk is 1,000 times larger than that for 1 nGy. They are currently permitted this unscientific view (ignoring evolution-related natural defenses) because of the misinforming procedures used in data analyses of which many radiation experts are not aware. One such procedure is the intentional and unscientific vanishing of the excess relative risk uncertainty as radiation dose decreases toward assigned dose zero (for natural background radiation exposure). The main focus of this forum article is on correcting the serious error of discarding risk uncertainty and the impact of the correction. The result is that the last defense of the current system of radiological protection relying on linear no-threshold theory (i.e., epidemiologic studies implied findings of harm from very low doses) goes away. A revised system is therefore needed.

show abstract

Radiological protection revisited—the story continues

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Nurses’ knowledge and practice toward computed tomography safety protocols

Nurses’ knowledge and practice toward computed tomography safety protocols

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

A Revised System of Radiological Protection Is Needed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About